Hi-Q is played with a peg-board in a cross formation (nine holes in a
square form the middle, and two rows of three holes form each arm of the
cross, for a total of 33 holes). In the initial position, there are pegs in
every hole but the one in the middle. You move by have a peg jump
(horizontal or vertical, not diagonal) another peg, landing in an open
hole. As in checkers, when you jump a piece you remove it from the board.
You keep jumping until there are no more legal moves. The object is to end
up with as few pegs left as possible. Ultimate mastery is ending up with
one peg left in the middle.

When I was in the third grade (back in 1954), I had appendicitis and had to
stay home from school for two weeks. During that time, I tried to solve the
game Hi-Q backwards. I started with one peg in the middle, constructed a
position that would lead to that, then one that would lead to that, and so
forth until I reached the opening position. And I wrote down all the
positions, so I could then play forward and win.

I just found my old, tattered notes, and figured — what’s the Internet for
but to spread useful knowledge like this?

Enjoy.

Richard Seltzer, seltzer@samizdat.com, www.samizdat.com
————————————————————————
1 — Starting position. 32 pieces, 1 hole.

____X X X

____X X X

X X X X X X X

X X X O X X X

X X X X X X X

____X X X

____X X X

2 — 31 pieces, 2 holes.

____X X X

____X X X

X X X X X X X

X X X X O O X

X X X X X X X

____X X X

____X X X

3 — 30 pieces, 3 holes.

____X X X

____X X X

X X X X X X X

X X X X X O X

X X X X O X X

____X X O

____X X X

4. — 29 pieces, 4 holes

____X X X

____X X X

X X X X X X X

X X X X X O X

X X X X X O O

____X X O

____X X X

5. — 28 pieces, 5 holes

____X X X

____X X X

X X X X X X O

X X X X X O O

X X X X X O X

____X X O

____X X X

6. — 27 pieces, 6 holes

____X X X

____X X X

X X X X X X O

X X X X O O O

X X X X O O X

____X X X

____X X X

7. — 26 pieces, 7 holes

____X X X

____X X X

X X X X X X O

X X X X O O O

X X X X X O X

____X X O

____X X O

8. — 25 pieces, 8 holes

____X X X

____X X X

X X X X X X O

X X X X O O O

X X X O O X X

____X X O

____X X O

9. — 24 pieces, 9 holes

____X X X

____X X X

X X X X X X O

X X X X O O O

X X X O O X X

____X X O

____O O X

10. — 23 pieces, 10 holes

____X X X

____X X X

X X X X X X O

X X X X O O O

X X X O O X X

____O O X

____O O X

11. — 22 pieces, 11 holes

____X X X

____X X X

X X X X X X O

X X X X O O O

X X X O X X X

____O O O

____O O O

12. — 21 pieces, 12 holes

____X X X

____X X X

X X X X X X O

X X O O X O O

X X X O X X X

____O O O

____O O O

13. — 20 pieces, 13 holes

____X X X

____X X X

X X X X X X O

X X O O O O O

X X X O O X X

____O O X

____O O O

14. — 19 pieces, 14 holes

____X X X

____X X X

X X X X X X O

X X O O O O O

X X X O X O O

____O O X

____O O O

15. — 18 pieces, 15 holes

____X X X

____X X X

X X X X X X O

X X O O X O O

X X X O O O O

____O O O

____O O O

16. — 17 pieces, 16 holes

____X X X

____X X X

X X X X X X O

O O X O X O O

X X X O O O O

____O O O

____O O O

17. — 16 pieces, 17 holes

____X X X

____X X X

X X X X X X O

O O O O X O O

X X O O O O O

____X O O

____O O O

18. — 15 pieces, 18 holes

____X X X

____X X X

X X X X X X O

O O O O X O O

O O X O O O O

____X O O

____O O O

19. — 14 pieces, 19 holes

____X X X

____X X X

X X X X X X O

O O X O X O O

O O O O O O O

____O O O

____O O O

20. — 13 pieces, 20 holes

____X X X

____X X X

X X O X X X O

O O O O X O O

O O X O O O O

____O O O

____O O O

21. — 12 pieces, 21 holes

____X X X

____X X X

O O X X X X O

O O O O X O O

O O X O O O O

____O O O

____O O O

22. — 11 pieces, 22 holes

____X X X

____O X X

O O O X X X O

O O X O X O O

O O X O O O O

____O O O

____O O O

23. — 10 pieces, 23 holes

____X X X

____O X X

O O X X X X O

O O O O X O O

O O O O O O O

____O O O

____O O O

24. — 9 pieces, 24 holes

____X X X

____O X X

O X O O X X O

O O O O X O O

O O O O O O O

____O O O

____O O O

25. — 8 pieces, 25 holes

____X X X

____O X X

O X O X O O O

O O O O X O O

O O O O O O O

____O O O

____O O O

26. — 7 pieces, 26 holes

____X X O

____O X O

O X O X X O O

O O O O X O O

O O O O O O O

____O O O

____O O O

27. — 6 pieces, 27 holes

____O O X

____O X O

O X O X X O O

O O O O X O O

O O O O O O O

____O O O

____O O O

28. — 5 pieces, 28 holes

____O O X

____O X X

O X O X O O O

O O O O O O O

O O O O O O O

____O O O

____O O O

29. — 4 pieces, 29 holes

____O O O

____O X O

O X O X X O O

O O O O O O O

O O O O O O O

____O O O

____O O O

30. — 3 pieces, 30 holes

____O O O

____O X O

O X X O O O O

O O O O O O O

O O O O O O O

____O O O

____O O O

31. — 2 pieces, 31 holes

____O O O

____O X O

O O O X O O O

O O O O O O O

O O O O O O O

____O O O

____O O O

32. — 1 piece, 32 holes

____O O O

____O O O

O O O O O O O

O O O X O O O

O O O O O O O

____O O O

____O O O
————————————————————————
A shareware version of this game

Chess

Rock Paper Scissors Spock Lizard

This site is published by B&R Samizdat Express, PO Box 161, West Roxbury,
MA 02132. (617) 469-2269. seltzer@samizdat.com

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MAY C. HOFMANN

FOREWORD

Every one is fond of having a good time when invited out to a party or
social. Sometimes a stupid evening has been spent because either the
guests were not congenial or the hostess had not planned good
games. The purpose of this book is to furnish just what is needed for
a pleasant home gathering, church social, or any other indoor
occasion.

Very few, if any, of these games require much preparation. Just use
what is in the house, follow the directions given, and a good time
will be the result. Some of the games for “Adults” can be played by
the younger ones, and _vice versa_. Other games, by being changed a
little by the hostess, can be made to suit the occasion.

Many of the good old games that every one has played are here, while
the newer ones, which may be strange at first, will prove most
enjoyable when every one has “caught on,” as the saying is. M.C.H.

CONTENTS

I. GAMES FOR CHILDREN

Animal Show.
Chase The Rabbit.
Soap-bubble Contest.
Rose Guess.
New Blind Man’s Buff.
Finding Flowers.
Bean-bag Contest.
Blowing The Feathers.
School.
Hide The Thimble.
Fan Ball.
Spool Flower Hunt.
Marble Contest.
Passing By.
The Serpent’s Tail.
Little Bo-peep.
Spool Armies.
Spinning For 20.
Shoe Hunt.
Hop-over.
Bouquet.
Making Squares.
Simple Simon’s Silly Smile.
Tea-pot.
Blind Man’s Buff.
Cat And Mouse.
Musical Chairs.
Button, Button.
Statues.
Our Cook Doesn’t Like Peas.
Hold Fast, Let Go.
Simon Says.
Old Soldier.
Hide And Seek.
Hang-man.
Bird, Beast, Or Fish.
Peter Piper.
Look Out For The Bear!
Hoop Race.
Button Fun.
Steps.
He Can Do Little.
Wink.
Double Tag.
Puss In The Corner.
I Have A Basket.
Still Pond, No More Moving.
Ring On A String.
Hunt The Slipper.
What Is My Thought Like?
Oranges And Lemons.
Red-hot Potato.
Judge And Jury.
Reuben And Rachel.
Frog In The Middle.
Horsemen.
My House, Your House.
Malaga Grapes.

II. GAMES FOR ADULTS

Spoon Pictures.
Boots, Without Shoes.
Proverbs.
Animal, Vegetable, Or Mineral.
What Time Is It?
It.
How, When, Where.
Buz.
Jenkins Up!
State Outlines.
Prefixes.
My Father Had A Rooster!
Cross Questions And Crooked Answers.
Magic Writing.
Famous Numbers.
Magic Answers.
Modelling.
Scissors Crossed Or Uncrossed.
Capping Verses.
Rabbit.
Ghost.
What Am I?
Needle Threading.
Confusions.
Verbal Authors.
Pin Doll Babies.
Building Sentences.
Geography.
What Would You Do If–?
Watch Trick.
Find Your Better-half.
Words
Letters.
Seeing And Remembering.
Live Tit-tat-to.
Bits Of Advice.
Pictures.
Household Gossip.
Table Football.
Musical Medley.
Another Musical Medley.
Passing Clothespins.
Pantomime.
Birds Fly.
Trips Around The World.
Jack’s Alive.
Going A-fishing.
Consequences.
Personal Conundrums.
Hunting The Whistle.
The Five Senses.
Wiggles.
Telegram.
Spelling Match.
Poor Pussy.
Guesses.
Nut Race.
Torn Flowers.
Spearing Peanuts.
Peanut Hunt And Scramble.
Musical Illustrations.
An Apple Hunt.
Shouting Proverbs.
Baker’s Dozen.
Peanut Contest.
Definitions.
Alphabetical Answers.
Pitch Basket.
Who Am I?
Progressive Puzzles.
Tit For Tat.
Eye-guessing.
The Prince Of Wales.
Commerce.
Laugh A Little.
Location.
Fashion Notes.
Stray Syllables.
Quaker Meeting.
Magic Music.
Patchwork Illustrations.
Biography.
Orchestra.
Who Is My Next-door Neighbor?
Fire.
The Months.
Bell Buff.
Postman.
Spooney Fun.
Cities.
Going To China.
A Penny For Your Thoughts.
Misquoted Quotations.
Literary Salad.
Broken Quotations.
Parcel Delivery.
Who Are They?
Swaps.
Talking Shop.
Sight Unseen.
A Study In Zoology.
Auction Sale
The Genteel Lady.
Rhymes.
Art Gallery.
Hunting For Book-titles.

III. GAMES FOR SPECIAL DAYS

Jack Frost.
Magic Candles.
The Lucky Or Unlucky Slipper.
Cakes.
Valentines.
Initial Compliments.
Heart Hunt.
Heart Pricks.
Valentine Puzzle.
Hearts And Mittens.
Riven Hearts.
Proposals.
Washington’s Birthday.
April First.
Easter Egg Race.
Suspended Eggs.
Egg Race.
Rolling Eggs.
Bunny’s Egg.
July Fourth.
Flags Of All Nations.
Our Flag.
Hallowe’en.
Hallowe’en Stories.
Hallowe’en Fates.
Some More Fates.
Water Charm.
Over The Cider Mugs.
Ships Of Fate.
Cake With Candles.
Hunt The Squirrel.
Christmas Tree.
Christmas Guesses.
Christmas Wreath.
Christmas Candles.
A Game Within A Game.
Toss The Goodies.
Snowballs.
Decking Santa Claus.

PART I.

GAMES FOR CHILDREN.

ANIMAL SHOW.

An amusing game for children is one in which each child is to make
some sort of animal out of vegetables or fruit, and toothpicks.

When all the children have arrived, pass around slips of paper
containing a number and the name of some animal. Each one must keep
secret what his animal is to be.

Let the hostess prepare a basket of vegetables, potatoes, beets,
carrots, and fruits, lemons, bananas, etc., suitable for the occasion,
from which the children can take their choice to make their
animals. Plenty of toothpicks must be provided for the legs, ears and
tails.

Allow five minutes for constructing the creatures.

Then collect the specimens, pinning a number corresponding to the one
on the slip, to its back, and arrange the “show” on a table. Many
queer sights will be seen.

The children, having received pencil and paper, should be told to
write down the number of each animal, and opposite it what the animal
is intended to represent.

A prize can be given to the one who has guessed the greatest number
correctly.

CHASE THE RABBIT.

All the children kneel on the floor in a ring with hands on each
other’s shoulders.

One is chosen to be the “rabbit” and runs around outside the ring and
touches one of the players, who is to chase him to his “hole.”

The minute the player is touched he must run to the left, while the
rabbit goes to the right, must tag the rabbit when they pass each
other and try to get back to the “hole” again. If he fails, he
becomes the “rabbit,” and the game goes on as before.

SOAP-BUBBLE CONTEST.

Provide each child with a clay pipe and prepare two basins of soap
suds for the game. If a little glycerine is put in the water, the
bubbles will last longer.

Divide the company into two sides, an even number in each. Stretch a
cord or rope at a medium height across the middle of the room. Two
children, one from each side, play at a time. Each stands on his side,
blows the bubble from the pipe and blows it toward the opposite side,
and over the rope if he can. If it goes over the rope without
breaking, he has won one point for his side, if not, his side has
lost. Tally is kept as each set plays, and the side that has the most
points, wins, and surely deserves a prize.

ROSE GUESS.

Any child can play this simple game. Take a full blown rose and hold
it up where all can see it, then let them write on a slip of paper how
many petals they think are in the rose.

The petals are then counted by one of the children and the one who
guesses the nearest, receives a prize.

Any flower with many petals, can be used.

NEW BLIND MAN’S BUFF.

The one who is chosen for the “blind man” does not have his eyes
bandaged as in the old game.

Stretch a sheet between two doors and place a light, candle or lamp,
on a table some distance from the sheet. The “blind man” sits on the
floor or low chair in front of the light facing the sheet, but he must
be so low down that his shadow will not appear on the sheet.

The children form a line and march single file between the light and
the “blind man,” who is not allowed to turn around. Thus their shadows
are thrown on the sheet and as they pass, the “blind man” must guess
who they are. The children may disguise their walk and height, so as
to puzzle him.

As soon as the “blind man” guesses one correctly, that one takes his
place and becomes “blind man,” while the former takes his place in the
procession, and the game proceeds as before, but the children had
better change places, so the new “blind man” won’t know their
positions.

FINDING FLOWERS.

A very simple game for children is one played like the old-fashioned
“London Bridge.”

Two children with joined hands stand opposite each other, and the rest
form a ring and pass under the raised hands, while they repeat,

“We’re seeking a pansy, a pansy, a pansy,
We’ve found one here.”

As they say “here,” the raised hands close around the child who was
passing by, and “Pansy” takes the place of the one who caught her, and
she names some other flower which is to be found, and the game goes on
as before, substituting that flower for pansy.

Then it continues until all the flowers are “found.”

BEAN-BAG CONTEST.

Prepare an even number of bean bags of
moderate size, half of one color and half of another.

Appoint leaders, who choose the children for their respective
sides. There should be an even number on each side. The opponents face
each other, with the leader at the head, who has the bag of one color
at his side. The bags are to be passed,

1st, with right hand,
2d, with left hand,
3d, with both hands,
4th, with right hand over left shoulder,
5th, with left hand over right shoulder.

Before the contest begins, it is best to have a trial game, so all
understand how to pass the bags.

At a given signal, the leaders begin, and pass the bags as rapidly as
possible down the line, observing all the directions. The last one
places them on a chair, until all have been passed, and then he sends
them back, observing the same rules, until all have reached the
leader.

The side who has passed them back to the leader first, and has done so
successfully, is the winning side.

BLOWING THE FEATHERS.

The children are seated on the floor, around a sheet or
tablecloth. This is held tight by the players about 1 1/2 ft. from the
floor, and a feather is placed in the middle.

One is chosen to be out, and at a given signal from the leader, the
feather is blown from one to the other, high and low, never allowed to
rest once.

The player outside runs back and forth, trying to catch the
feather. When he does succeed, the person on whom it rested or was
nearest to, must take his place.

SCHOOL.

The players sit in a circle, and each takes the name of some article
found in the schoolroom, such as desk, rubber, blackboard, etc.

One of the players stands in the center and spins a plate on end; as
he does so, he calls out the name of an article which one of the
players has taken.

The person named must jump up and catch the plate before it stops
spinning.

If he is too slow, he must pay a forfeit. It is then his turn to spin
the plate.

HIDE THE THIMBLE.

All the players but one, leave the room. This one hides a thimble in a
place not too conspicuous, but yet in plain sight.

Then the others come in, and hunt for the thimble; the first one
seeing it, sits down and remains perfectly quiet until all the others
have found it.

The first one who saw it, takes his turn to hide it.

FAN BALL.

Make two balls, one red and one blue, out of paper thus–

[Illustration: A drawing of three identical circles of paper. No. 1
should have slits on the top, bottom, left, and right. No. 2 should
have slits on the left, right, and a vertical slit in the center.
No. 3 should have vertical and horizontal slits intersecting in the
center.]

Slip No. 1 in No. 2, and No. 3 fits over and bisects the other two.

Appoint two leaders who choose their teams; each team takes a ball and
a palm leaf fan.

GOALS–Three chairs, one at each end of the room and one in the
center, at equal distance from others.

Two play at a time, one player from each side. The player stands in
front of his goal and at the word “ready,” fans his ball to the
opposite goal. It must go through the back of the chair in the middle
of the room, and through the opposite goal, in order to win. When all
have finished playing, the team which has the most successful players
in it, wins the game.

SPOOL FLOWER HUNT.

Gather together as many spools as possible, marking each with a
separate letter, which, when put together, will form the name of some
flower, such as: rose, violet, daisy, pansy, etc. Stand all the
spools in a row, those forming names standing together.

One child, the gardener, gathers up all the spools and hides them in
all the corners and out-of-the-way places in the room, only one spool
being in each place. When all are hidden, the children are summoned in
to hunt for the flowers.

The object is to find such spools as form a name. As the spools are
found, the children see if the letters on them spell a flower.

When the hunt is over, the one having the most complete sets of
flowers is the winner.

MARBLE CONTEST.

Cut five holes of different sizes in the lid of a pasteboard
box. Number the largest hole 5; the next largest 10; the next, 20; the
next, 50; and the smallest, 100.

Place the box on the floor and give each child an equal number of
marbles. The object of the game is to see which child can count the
most by dropping the marbles into the box through the holes.

Each player in turn stands over the box, holds his arm out straight,
even with the shoulder, and drops the marbles one by one into the
box. If one goes through the largest hole it counts 5, if through the
smallest, 100, and so on, count being kept for each player. The one
scoring the greatest number of points is the winner.

PASSING BY.

An amusement for children on a train, or at home when it is raining,
is the following, and it will help to while away the time.

If there are several children, choose sides and appoint one to keep
the count for his side. Each side sits by a different window and
watches the passers-by. Every man counts 1; every women 2; baby 3;
animal 5; white horse 10; black cat 50.

As a child sees someone passing, he calls out the number for his side;
if a woman, he says 2; if a man and woman together, it will be 3, and
so on.

If the children are looking upon the same street the side that calls
its number out first adds it to its score. It is more exciting if the
different sides have different streets to look out on.

If on a train, one side sits on the right and the other on the left,
and when an object is seen, they call out right, 5, or left, as the
case may be, for the mother, or older person to put down on the score
card.

The side which succeeds in reaching 100 first is the winning side. If
the trip is long, 500 can be the limit.

THE SERPENT’S TAIL.

This is a Japanese game, and is played this way. All the children form
a line, each resting his hands on the shoulders of the player in front
of him. One child is chosen out, and is called the “catcher.” The
first child of the line, or “serpent,” is called the “head,” and the
last one, the “tail.”

The “catcher” stands about three feet from the “head” and when someone
gives a signal he tries to catch the “tail” without pushing anyone, or
breaking through the line.

The children forming the “body” defend the “tail,” by moving about in
any way they choose, but the line must never be broken, as the “tail”
is considered caught if it is.

When the “tail” is caught, the “catcher” becomes “head,” and the
“tail” is then “catcher,” the last child in the line being “tail,” and
the game goes on as before.

LITTLE BO-PEEP.

Dress the little girl in whose honor the party is given as little
Bo-peep, with a little crook.

Hide small toy sheep all over the room in every nook and corner. As
each child comes, give her a little stick fixed up like a crook, and
tell the children to find the sheep.

After the hunt is over, award the child who found the most sheep some
little prize. Each may keep the sheep she finds.

If the party is in honor of a little boy, change it to “Little Boy
Blue,” and have horns instead of crooks.

SPOOL ARMIES.

Children may derive a lot of fun from a large supply of empty spools
of all shapes and sizes. Pieces of cotton batting stuck in the
opening at the top may serve as heads.

For the “army” gather together as many spools of the same size as you
can, numbering each one. Choose a large spool for the general.

Arrange them in rows with the general at the head of a chair or box. A
small ball, or pieces of muslin knotted into small balls, will serve
as ammunition. When the battle begins, each child aims at the general,
endeavoring to knock him over, and as many others as he can. The score
is counted after each attack. If a spool has fallen over, but not off
the chair, it counts but half its number; if on the floor, it is
“dead,” and the whole number is counted.

SPINNING FOR 20.

On a board or piece of cardboard, mark with pencil or ink, the design
illustrated, the size of the circles varying with the size of the
board.

[Illustration: 4 concentric circles, numbered 20, 15, 10, and 5.]

A top may be made out of an empty spool by taking one end of it and
sticking a piece of wood, pointed at one end about an inch long,
through it. Each spool makes two tops which are spun with the thumb
and forefinger. A penny may be used to spin, in fact any small thing
that spins will do for a top.

Number the circles as in the diagram. Place the top on the dot in the
center of circle 20 and spin it. The number of the circle the top
stops on, is the number scored. If on a line it counts for the circle
next it. If outside the line of circle 5 it counts nothing.

Any number can play and any number, such as 100 or more, may be the
score.

SHOE HUNT.

Shoes, four inches long, are cut out of cardboard, from patterns found
in catalogues. The pairs are mixed and hidden all over the room, high
and low, behind pictures, under mats, etc.

The girl or boy finding the greatest number of shoes that prove to be
pairs receives a prize.

To add to the merriment, several pairs of real shoes may be hidden,
too, and the children will enjoy hunting for the mates.

HOP-OVER.

Fun for the children is in store when they play this game. All stand
in a circle, not too near each other. One player stands in the center,
holding a rope, or stout cord, at the end of which is attached a
weight of some kind.

At the word “ready” the one in the center whirls the cord rapidly
around near the floor. The players, to prevent it from touching their
feet, hop over it as it approaches them.

In a short time every one is hopping and a lively time ensues. The one
whose feet were touched takes the center place and endeavors to hit
some other player’s feet.

BOUQUET.

This is played similarly to “Stage-coach.” Any number of children can
play it. One is chosen out and is called the “gardener.”

All the children sit in a circle and the “gardener” gives each one in
turn the name of some flower. When all are named the “gardener” stands
in the center of the circle and tells how he has gone to the woods to
gather certain flowers, how he has transplanted them to form a lovely
garden, the care he has to take of them, and so on, telling quite a
long story and bringing in the names of all the flowers he has given
to the children.

As a flower is mentioned, the child who has that name rises, turns
around, and sits down again. Anyone who fails to rise when his flower
is named must pay a forfeit. When the gardener says something about a
bouquet, all the children rise and exchange seats. Then the “gardener”
tries to get a seat, and if he succeeds, the person who has no seat
becomes the “gardener” and the game goes on as before.

MAKING SQUARES.

Make a square or rectangle of dots, as shown on page 26.

Provide the children with pencils. Each one makes a line joining two
dots but tries to prevent the others from making a square.

. . . . . . .

. . . . . . .

. . . . . . .

. . . . . . .

. . . . . . .

. . . . . . .

. . . . . . .

.-. . . .-. .
|A| | |
.-.-.-. . . .
|A| | |
.-. . . . .-.
|A| | |
.-.-.-. .-.-.
|B|B| |
.-.-. .-. . .
|
. .-. . . .-.
| | |
.-.-. . . . .

For a while it is easy, but soon the number of dots is scarce, and it
requires careful marking to prevent the squares from being formed.
Finally all the chances are gone and the next player completes a
square, as a reward he is given another chance, thus completing
several, then he joins two dots and the next player continues.

Each one places his initial in his completed square, so the score is
easily counted. The one who has succeeded in making the most squares
is the winner.

SIMPLE SIMON’S SILLY SMILE.

All the players sit in a circle and one who is bright and witty is
chosen as leader. He stands in the center of the circle and asks the
most ridiculous questions he can think of.

The players when asked any question, must always answer “Simple
Simon’s silly smile.” No other answer will do and whoever laughs or
fails to say it correctly, must pay a forfeit.

TEA-POT.

One player leaves the room, and while he is gone the rest decide upon
some word which has several meanings, which he must guess when he
comes in.

The rest of the players converse about the word, but instead of
mentioning it, say “Tea-pot” in its place. Suppose the word chosen is
“vain.” No. 1 may say: “She is altogether too tea-pot for me.” (vain)
No. 2 says: “The tea-pot pointed North yesterday.” (vane) No. 3: “The
tea-pot is blue.” (vein), and so on, each in turn making some remark
about the chosen word until the player has guessed it correctly. The
person who gave the broadest hint about the hidden word must leave the
room next.

BLIND MAN’S BUFF.

It is hardly necessary to describe this game as almost everybody knows
how to play it. There may be some who do not know, however, so it is
included here.

Clear the room as much as possible, pushing all the chairs, tables,
etc., against the walls. The child chosen as “Buff” is blindfolded,
and is asked the following question by the other children. “How many
horses has your father got?” He answers “Three.” “What color are
they?” “Black, white, and gray,” is answered. Everyone calls out “Turn
around three times and catch whom you may.”

“Buff” turns around, and then tries to catch whoever he can. The
children try to escape him by dodging him until finally one is caught,
and before the handkerchief is raised, “Buff” must guess whom he has
caught. If he guesses correctly, the one caught becomes “Buff.”

CAT AND MOUSE.

The children sit in two rows facing each other, with a space
between. Blindfold two children, one being the “cat” and the other the
“mouse.”

The “cat” stands at one end of the row and the “mouse” at the
other. They start in opposite directions and the “cat” tries to catch
the “mouse.” The children may give hints as to the direction the
players are to go in. When the “mouse” is caught, he becomes “cat,”
and another child is chosen as “mouse.”

MUSICAL CHAIRS.

Musical Chairs, or Going to Jerusalem, is a favorite game of the
children. Someone who plays the piano well starts up a lively tune and
the children march around a row of chairs which have been arranged
facing alternately in opposite directions. There should be one less
chair than the number of players.

When the music stops, each child tries to find a seat. Someone will be
left out, as there is one chair short. This one takes another chair
from the row and the game continues until there is one child left with
no chair. This one has won the game.

BUTTON, BUTTON.

All the children sit in a circle with hands placed palm to palm in
their laps. One child is given a button and she goes to each in turn,
slipping her hands between the palms of the children. As she goes
around the circle she drops the button into some child’s hands, but
continues going around as long after as she pleases, so the rest will
not know who has it.

Then she stands in the middle of the circle and says: “Button, button,
who has the button?” All the children guess who has it, the one
calling out the correct name first is out and it is his turn to go
around with the button.

STATUES.

Arrange all the children except one on chairs or a bench. This one is
the leader and she stands on the floor in front of the children.
Beginning at one end of the row, she pulls each child from the bench,
letting her remain in whatever position she falls. Sometimes she can
tell them how to pose, for instance, she will say “Like an angel,” and
that child will fold her hands and look upward. Another might be
“cross school-teacher,” and this child may pretend to be scolding
someone. Each child remains perfectly still, posed in the attitude
suggested, until all the children are on the floor. Then the leader
selects the one she thinks has posed the best and that one takes the
leader’s place and the game goes on as before.

OUR COOK DOESN’T LIKE PEAS.

All the players except one sit in a row. This one sits in front of
them and says to each one in turn: “Our cook doesn’t like P’s; what
can you give her instead?”

The first one may answer “sugar” and that will suit her, but the next
one might say “Potatoes,” and that will not do, and he will have to
pay a forfeit because the letter “P” comes in that word.

There is a catch to this as everyone thinks that the vegetable “Peas”
is meant instead of the letter. Even after everybody has discovered
the trick it will be difficult to think of words, and if a player
fails to answer before 5 is counted, a forfeit must be paid. “My
grandma doesn’t like tea (T)” is played in the same way.

HOLD FAST, LET GO.

A simple game for small children is the following. Each child takes
hold of a small sheet or tablecloth, the leader holding it with his
left hand, while he pretends to write with his right hand.

The leader says: “When I say ‘Hold fast,’ let go; and when I say ‘let
go,’ hold fast.” He calls out the commands one at a time and the rest
do just the opposite of what he says. Whoever fails must pay a
forfeit.

SIMON SAYS.

One child is selected to be Simon. The rest of the children sit around
in a circle. Simon stands in the middle and gives all sorts of orders
for the children to follow. Every order which begins with “Simon says”
must be obeyed, whether Simon performs it or not, but if Simon should
give some order, such as “Thumbs down,” whether he puts his thumbs
down or not, it must not be obeyed by the others because it was not
preceded by “Simon says.”

All sorts of orders such as “Thumbs up,” “Thumbs down,” “Thumbs
wiggle-waggle,” “Thumbs pull left ear,” etc., are given. The faster
the orders are given, the more confusing it is. A forfeit must be paid
by those who fail to obey the orders.

OLD SOLDIER.

One child, who represents the old soldier, goes around to each child
in turn and begs for something, saying that he is poor, hungry, blind,
etc., and asks what they will do for him.

In answering the old soldier no one must use the words, “Yes,” “No,”
“Black,” or “White.” As soon as a child is asked, he must answer
immediately. If he does not, or says any of the forbidden words, he
must pay a forfeit.

HIDE AND SEEK.

One child is chosen out. This one stands by a post or in a corner
which is called “base,” and hides his eyes. The children decide among
themselves how much he shall count while they are hiding. Suppose they
choose 100, then he counts 5, 10, 15, 20, etc., until he reaches 100,
and then he calls out:

“Ready or not,
You shall be caught.”

Each child having hidden in some place while he was counting, remains
perfectly still while he is hunting for them. If he passes by some
child without finding him, that one can run to the “base” and say
“One, two, three, I’m in free!” As many children as can try to get in
“free,” but if the one who is out tags any of them before they reach
“base,” the first one tagged is the next to hide his eyes.

HANG-MAN.

Two children may derive a great deal of amusement from this simple
pastime. At the top of a piece of paper write all the letters of the
alphabet. Underneath, the child who has thought of a word or short
sentence puts a dash down for every letter contained in the word
thought of.

Suppose the words thought of were “Gamebook,” it would be written
thus: ——–

The other player asks if the word contains “a,” and the other puts it
in its proper place, crossing the letter off of the alphabet above.
The other guesses different letters at random, every right one being
put in its place, while for every wrong one a line is drawn to help
construct a gallows for the “hang-man.” If there are many wrong
guesses, the “hang-man” may be completed and then the word is told the
other player. The players take turns in giving out and guessing the
words.

The gallows is made thus for every wrong guess:

[Illustration: The gallows and hang-man is drawn progressively, one
line at a time.]

BIRD, BEAST, OR FISH.

A simple little game for amusing two children is the following. Write
on the top of a slate or paper the words “Bird, beast, and fish.”

One child thinks of the name of some animal and puts down the first
and last letters of the word, marking dashes for the other letters.
His companion thinks over all the names of animals he knows containing
that number of letters, until finally he has guessed what it is or
else has given up. If he guesses correctly it is his turn to give
either a bird, beast, or fish.

PETER PIPER.

This is an amusing game for children. A blackboard is needed upon
which the verse, “Peter Piper,” etc., is illustrated or written so
that the words are mixed up and it will be difficult to point
out. Some older person will be needed to superintend the game.

One child is given a pointer and as the others sing, to any familiar
tune (Yankee Doodle, for instance):

“Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers,
Now if Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers,
Where is that peck of pickled peppers,
Peter Piper picked?”

she must point out each word or drawing as quickly as it is sung.

If a mistake is made in pointing, the child takes her place with the
rest and another child is out. Each one is given a turn.

It is an achievement, if done successfully, and some suitable gift
should be given as a prize.

LOOK OUT FOR THE BEAR!

Any number of children can play this game. One is chosen to be the
“bear,” and he hides in some part of the room or garden, while the
rest, with their backs turned, are standing at their goal.

As soon as the children have counted 50 or 100, they all scatter and
hunt for the “bear.” The child who finds him first calls out, “Look
out for the bear,” and all the children run to their goal.

If the bear catches any while running for the goal, they become
“bears.” These “bears” hide together and the game continues until all
the children are “bears.”

HOOP RACE.

All children love to roll hoops. For a little folks party, plan to
have as many hoops as children, so each can have one.

Bind these around with tape or ribbon. The children contest one at a
time. The child who succeeds in rolling his hoop around the room three
times without having it turn over or stop, wins the prize.

If the room is very large once or twice around will be enough, so the
children aren’t tired out.

BUTTON FUN.

An amusement for small children, is to gather together as many buttons
of all shapes and sizes, plain and fancy, as can be obtained.

The largest button is the father, the next size is the mother, several
children arranged according to size, and a tiny one for the baby.

Plain buttons are called servants, others animals and pets. The
children arrange their families in pasteboard boxes, using pasteboard
cards for chairs, carriages, etc. All children like to play “house,”
and a whole afternoon can be whiled away making stores out of cards,
to do shopping in, and boats for the button-children to play
in. “School” also can be played and the boys enjoy forming rows of
soldiers and parading up and down.

STEPS.

One child is chosen out. This one stands by a post or door with his
back to the other players. The rest of the children stand in a row at
the other end of the room or porch, as the case may be.

The one by the door counts 5, slowly or quickly, and then turns
around. While he is counting and his back is turned, the others take
as many steps forward as they can without being caught. If anyone is
moving when the player turns around, they exchange places, and the
game continues, the children advancing step by step toward the
goal. When one has reached the goal and touched it, he can go back
again and begin all over. The one who touches the goal the greatest
number of times just by stepping, and has not been caught, wins the
game.

HE CAN DO LITTLE.

All the players sit in a circle. One, knowing the catch, begins by
saying: “Ahem, he can do little who cannot do this.” While saying
this, he taps a stick on the floor several times.

This stick passes from one to the other in turn, each one thinking
that the stick must be tapped a certain number of times, but the catch
is that just before saying “He can do little who cannot do this,” each
one ought to clear his throat as the leader did at first. Allow the
game to continue around the circle two or three times before
explaining the catch. A forfeit is paid by each player who does not
do it correctly.

WINK.

All the girls sit in a circle, and the boys stand outside, one boy
behind each girl’s chair. One chair is left vacant, but a boy stands
behind it, and by winking at the girls one at a time, tries to get one
for his empty chair.

As soon as a girl is winked at, she tries to leave her seat, and take
the vacant one, but if the boy behind her touches her before she
leaves the seat, she cannot go. Each boy has to keep his eye on the
one who is winking and on the girl in his chair, for if he is not
watching, she may escape before he has time to touch her, and then it
is his turn to do the winking and get a girl for his chair.

If the winking is done quickly it adds to the interest of the game. No
boy can keep hold of a girl all the time; he must only touch her when
she starts to leave her place, and then if she is beyond arm’s length,
he cannot call her back.

DOUBLE TAG.

The children stand in pairs, one behind the other, in the form of a
circle, all facing the center.

Two of them are out, one who runs away, and the other who tries to
catch him. The one who is running away may place himself in front of
any couple for safety and he cannot be tagged, but the child at the
end of the trio must run, and if he is caught before he can stand in
front of another couple, he is the catcher and pursues the other
child.

PUSS IN THE CORNER.

All the children except one stand in corners, or in any fixed stations
if there are not enough corners to go around. The one who is out
stands in the middle to represent “Puss.” The players then beckon to
each other one at a time saying, “Here, puss, puss,” and run and
change places with the one who is called.

Puss tries to get one of the vacant places. If she succeeds, the
child who is left out is “Puss,” until she manages to obtain a place.

I HAVE A BASKET.

One child begins by saying: “I have a basket.” The one to his left
says: “What is in it?” The first one replies with the name of some
article beginning with “a,” as “apples.”

No. 2 says: “I have a basket,” and the next one to him says: “What is
in it?” No. 2 replies: “Apples and bananas,” (or some other word
beginning with “b”).

No. 3 says: “I have a basket.” No. 4 asks the same question as before
and No. 3 responds with “Apples, bananas, and cats,” and so on, each
in turn repeating what the others have said, and adding another
article, which commences with the next letter of the alphabet.
Whoever forgets what the other articles were must pay a forfeit. Thus
it continues until the last one has named all the articles in order,
and ended with “z”.

STILL POND, NO MORE MOVING.

All the children form a circle, joining hands. One is blindfolded,
given a cane, and stands in the middle of the circle.

The children march around her, going fast or slowly until she taps on
the floor three times with the cane and says: “Still pond, no more
moving.” The children drop hands, and remain perfectly still, right
where they are.

The one in the middle feels her way toward the children, holding the
cane in front of her. The first child who is touched with the cane
must take hold of it. The blindfolded one says, “Grunt like a pig,”
and the one holding the cane must grunt, disguising her voice if
possible. If the blindfolded one guesses who she is, they exchange
places, and the game goes on as before, but if she fails, she has
another turn and may tell the player to “Bark like a dog” or “Mew like
a cat” until she guesses the right one.

RING ON A STRING.

Slip a ring on a long piece of string having the ends knotted
together. The players stand in a circle and the string passes through
their closed hands. Each makes the motions of passing something.

The ring circulates from one to another, while a player in the middle
tries to find it. As soon as the ring is found, the person in whose
hands it was takes his place, and the ring is passed as before.

HUNT THE SLIPPER.

All the children except one sit on the floor in a circle, with their
knees raised. The one left out brings a slipper, and handing it to one
child says:

“Cobbler, cobbler, mend my shoe,
Get it done by quarter-past two.”

He walks to the other side of the room and in a minute comes back and
asks if the shoe is done. In the meantime the slipper is being passed
from one to the other, under their knees.

The child who is asked if the slipper is done says she thinks her
neighbor has it, the neighbor is asked and receiving the same answer
the one hunting it goes from one to the other until the slipper is
found. If it takes too long for him to find it, the slipper may be
tossed across the circle, so it will be easy to follow it up.

WHAT IS MY THOUGHT LIKE?

All the children except one sit in a circle. This one thinks of
something and, standing in the middle of the circle, asks each one in
turn: “What is my thought like?”

Each one names some object, and when all have been asked, the leader
announces what her thought was and each in turn must prove the
resemblance between his answer and the thought. Whoever fails must pay
a forfeit.

Suppose the thought is a stove, and No. 1 says: “Like the sun.” No. 2,
“Like silver,” then the second time around No. 1 can say: “A stove is
like the sun because they both give heat;” No. 2 can say: “A stove is
like silver because they both shine when well polished,” and so on.

ORANGES AND LEMONS.

The two tallest children, one named “Orange,” the other “Lemon,” join
hands and form an arch for the other children to pass under. The
children, holding on to each other’s dresses, march in single file and
sing:

“‘Oranges and lemons,’ say the bells of St. Clement’s,
‘Brickbats and tiles,’ say the bells of St. Giles,
‘You owe me five farthing,’ say the bells of St. Martin’s,
‘When will you pay me?’ say the bells of old Bailey,
‘When I grow rich,’ say the bells of Shoreditch,
‘When will that be?’ say the bells of Stepney,
‘I do not know,’ says the great bell of Bow.
Here comes a candle to light you to bed,
And here comes a chopper to chop off your head.”

When the last line is sung the child who is under their arms is caught
and asked in a whisper if he will be an orange or lemon. He answers,
and joins whichever side he chose, holding the other around the
waist. The game continues until all are caught, and then there is a
tug-of-war between the oranges and lemons.

RED-HOT POTATO.

The “potato” in this game is a knotted handkerchief. One player is
chosen for the center, and the others sit around in a circle. The one
in the center throws the “potato” to anyone in the circle. This one
must throw it to another player and so on, tossing it, from one to
another, and never allowing it to rest.

The player in the center tries to catch it. If he succeeds, the one
who last tossed it exchanges places with him, and the game goes on as
before.

JUDGE AND JURY.

Arrange the children in two rows, facing each other. The judge sits at
one end in the aisle. He asks one of the jury a question (anything he
happens to think of). The one who is questioned must not answer, but
the child sitting opposite him must reply for him, being careful not
to use any of the following words in his answer. Yes, no, black, or
white. Some answer must be given, whether it be sensible, or not.

Whoever fails to answer before the judge counts 10, or answers out of
turn, or uses any of the forbidden words must either pay a forfeit or
become the judge.

REUBEN AND RACHEL.

Blindfold one of the players. All the rest form a ring and dance
around him until he points at some one. That one enters the ring and
the blindman calls out: “Rachel;” she answers: “Here, Reuben,” and
moves about in the circle so as to escape being caught by “Reuben.”

Every time the blindman calls out “Rachel,” she must reply with
“Reuben” and thus it goes until finally “Rachel” is caught. “Reuben”
must guess who she is, and if he guesses correctly, “Rachel” is
blindfolded and the game goes on as before. If not, the same child is
“Reuben” again.

FROG IN THE MIDDLE.

The children form a ring. One, the frog, is chosen out, and he stands
in the middle of the circle.

The children, holding hands, dance around him, saying: “Frog in the
middle, jump in, jump out, take a stick and poke him out.” As the last
line is sung, the frog takes one child by the hands and pulls him to
the center, exchanging places with him. The children continue dancing
around and singing while the frogs jump thick and fast. The game
continues until all have been frogs or are tired out.

HORSEMEN.

This is a rough-and-tumble game for the boys, and must be played
either outside, or in a large bare room.

Sides are chosen, the big boys taking the small boys on their back,
carrying them “pick-a-back.” The one carrying the boy is called the
horse, and the other the rider. The sides stand opposite each other
and when a signal is given, they rush toward each other, the horses
trying to knock down the opposing horses, and the riders trying to
dismount each other.

The game continues until a single horse and rider remain, and the side
to which they belong wins the game.

MY HOUSE, YOUR HOUSE.

Attach a string to the end of a small stick. At the end of the string
make a loop that will slip very easily. On a table make a circle with
chalk.

The leader, or fisherman, arranges the loop around the circle and
holds the stick in his hand. Whenever he says: “My house,” each player
must put his first finger inside the circle, and leave it there. When
“Your house” is said, the fingers must be withdrawn.

The commands must be given very quickly, and the fisherman must be
quick to jerk his rod, thus catching several fingers.

A forfeit should be paid by everyone who is caught, and the fisherman
can exchange places if he wishes.

MALAGA GRAPES.

All the players sit in a circle and one who knows the trick takes a
small cane in his right hand; then, taking it in his left hand, he
passes it to his neighbor, saying: “Malaga grapes are very good
grapes; the best to be had in the market.” He tells his neighbor to do
the same.

Thus the cane passes from one to the other, each one telling about the
grapes; but if any should pass the stick with the right hand, a
forfeit must be paid. The trick must not be told until it has gone
around the circle once or twice.

PART II.

GAMES FOR ADULTS

SPOON PICTURES.

It will be necessary for two of the players to know how to play the
game. One is sent out of the room, and the other remains inside to
take a picture of one of the guests. This is done by holding up a
spoon or some polished surface to a player’s face.

When the picture is taken, the one outside is called in, given the
spoon, told to look at it, and guess whose picture it is. In a short
time she has guessed correctly, to the amazement of the guests. She
leaves the room again, while another picture is taken, is called in,
and guesses that, and so on.

If any guest thinks he can do it, he may have a trial, but he may
fail. Finally it is discovered that the one who remained inside and
took the pictures sits in exactly the same position as the person
whose picture was taken. If his feet were crossed and his hands
folded, the leader will take that position. If another person is in
that position, the one who guesses waits until one makes a change, and
thus the name may be guessed.

BOOTS, WITHOUT SHOES.

All the players are sent out of the room. The leader remains inside
and calls one player in. They both sit down together and the leader
says: “Say just what I say. Say boots, without shoes.” (With a short
pause after boots.) The victim may repeat the whole sentence and the
leader says, “No, I want you to say boots, without shoes,” and thus it
may go on until the leader has given the simple statement in all sorts
of tones and expressions, and finally, the player realizes that when
told to say “Boots, without shoes,” she must simply say “Boots.”

Each player in turn is called in and put through the ordeal, affording
much amusement for those already in the room, until all have guessed
it and laughed over it.

PROVERBS.

Any number of persons may play this game. One is sent out of the room
while the rest choose some proverb. Then he is called in and asks each
player in turn a question. In the answer, no matter what the question
is, one word of the proverb must be given.

Suppose the proverb “Make hay while the sun shines” is taken, then
player No. 1 would have “Make”; No. 2, “hay”; No. 3, “while”; No. 4,
“the”; No. 5, “sun”; No. 6, “shines”; No. 7, “make”; etc., giving each
player a word, often repeating the proverb several times.

The answers to the questions must be given quickly, and no special
word emphasized. Often the one guessing will have to go around
several times before he can discover any word which will reveal the
proverb. The one whose answer gave the clue must leave the room next,
and it becomes his turn to guess.

ANIMAL, VEGETABLE, OR MINERAL.

When the party is large, this game affords much amusement. One player
is sent out of the room. While he is gone the players decide upon some
object which he is to guess. He is then called in, and asks each one
a question.

The answers to the questions must be either “Yes” or “No,” and a
forfeit must be paid if any other answer is given.

Suppose the object chosen is a piece of coal in the fireplace. The
player will begin by finding out whether the object chosen is of the
animal, vegetable, or mineral kingdom; thus the following questions
may be asked: “Is it a mineral?” “Yes.” “Is it hard?” “Yes.” “Is it
very valuable?” “No.” “Is it bright and shiny?” “Yes.” “Is it gold?”
“No.” “Silver?” “No.” “Is it in this room?” “Yes.” “Is it black?”
“Yes.” “Is it a piece of coal?” “Yes.”

The correct object being guessed, another player is sent out and the
game continues.

WHAT TIME IS IT?

It requires two players who understand this game, a leader and his
accomplice. The accomplice leaves the room, while the leader and the
rest remain inside. The leader asks the players what hour they will
choose for the accomplice to guess. One will say: “Four o’clock.” The
assistant is called in and he questions the leader, saying: “Well,
what time is it?” The leader answers thus: “Don’t you know?”; next,
“Doubtless, dancing time.” The assistant immediately answers “Four
o’clock,” to the amazement of the company.

The key is that each hour, from 1 to 12 o’clock has been named
according to the letters of the alphabet in rotation, from A to K, The
leader, in answering, must be very careful to begin each answer with
the letter indicating the chosen hour; thus in the above the assistant
noticed that each answer began with “d,” and “d” being the fourth
letter, four o’clock was the time chosen. Only the exact hours must be
chosen. As the different players think they understand the game, they
may take the assistant’s place, and many ludicrous mistakes will be
the result until the game has been explained to all.

IT.

One of the players who does not know the game is sent out of the
room. While he is gone, the others are supposed to be thinking of some
person whom he is to guess when he comes in, but it is arranged that
each one describes his right hand neighbor when asked any
questions. It is more amusing if the circle is composed of boys and
girls alternating.

The player is called in, having been told beforehand that he is to
guess what person the company thought of and that that person is “It.”

He begins by asking “Is it in this room?” “Yes.” “Is it a boy?”
“Yes.” “Is his hair long or short?” “Very long,” and so on, until the
information he has obtained may be the following: “A boy, very long
hair, pink waist, blue eyes, has a beard, very stout, about 6 feet
tall, about 8 years old.” The player, astonished at such information,
may keep up guessing, until, by closely questioning each one, he
guesses correctly. If he cannot guess, it is explained to him who “It”
is.

HOW, WHEN, WHERE.

One of the players leaves the room while the others select some word
with two or three meanings, which is to be guessed. Suppose the word
“trunk” is thought of. When the player is summoned in he asks each one
in turn “How do you like it?” The answers may be “full of clothes,”
“when the outside is brown,” (meaning a tree trunk), “shut up in a
cage,” (referring to an elephant’s trunk).

The next time around the question is “When do you like it?” and the
answers may be, “When I’m going away,” “When I’m in the country,”
“When I visit the Zoo.”

The last question is “Where do you like it?” and the answers may be
“In my room,” “In the woods,” “On the animal it belongs to.” The
questioner must try to guess the word from the various answers. If he
succeeds, the person whose answer revealed the word must leave the
room, but if he fails, he has to guess again.

BUZ.

All the players sit in a circle and begin to count in turn, but
whenever seven, or any multiple of seven comes, “Buz” is said in its
place. If anyone forgets he may be put out and the game commenced
over again, but it is more fun if the players go right on with the
counting, as many will fall off when the count is up in the
hundreds. The game may be continued as long as is desired.

Suppose the players have counted up to twenty, the next one would say
“Buz,” as twenty-one is a multiple of seven; the next, “twenty-two,”
the next “twenty-three,” and so on. The one having “twenty-seven”
would say “Buz,” as it contains seven. When seventy is reached, the
numbers are said, “Buz one,” “Buz two,” etc.; “double Buz,” for
seventy-seven, and so on.

“Siz” may be substituted for six and its multiples, and “Fiz” for
five, just for variety.

JENKINS UP!

Divide the company into two sides. One division sits around the table
on one side, the other on the opposite side. The members of division
“A” put their hands under the table and a small coin, dime or quarter,
is passed from one to the other.

When division “B” thinks they have had enough time, the players call
out, “Jenkins up!” and the players of “A” hold up their closed hands,
and when “Jenkins down!” is called, they must place their hands, palm
down, on the table. The players of “B” must guess under which palm the
coin is. Each player has one guess, those on the opposite side raising
their hands when requested to do so.

If “B” guesses correctly, the coin is passed over to them and “A” must
guess who has it, but if not, “A” keeps the coin, and “B” has another
trial for guessing.

Tally may be kept, 1 being counted for every correct guess, and a
certain number, as 50, may be the limit. The side gaining 50 points
first is victorious.

STATE OUTLINES.

This is a splendid game for the beginning of an evening as the guests
mingle together and become acquainted while hunting for their
partners.

The hostess prepares pieces of cardboard on which she has drawn the
outline of a state without the name. The state capitals are written on
separate pieces of paper. The cards and slips are handed out haphazard
as the guests arrive.

The object of the game is to find the state to which the capital
belongs or vice versa, as the case may be.

The one who succeeds in locating his capital first is the winner.

The hostess can arrange for the length of time.

PREFIXES.

One of the players is sent out of the room. The others then decide
upon some word which he is to guess when he returns. He is told what
the prefix of the word is, and must guess, by asking questions, what
the rest of the word is. The players answer his questions by their
manner or actions.

Suppose the word chosen is “encouraged,” the answers may be given in a
cheerful way.

The player who is guessing may think of any number of words with the
prefix “en,” but he must continue asking questions until the right
word has been guessed.

The player who has revealed the word by his or her actions, takes the
other’s place and leaves the room while the rest are deciding upon
some word for him to guess. The game continues as before.

MY FATHER HAD A ROOSTER!

All the players sit in a circle, the leader begins by saying, “My
father had a rooster!” The player to his left says: “A what?” The
leader answers: “A rooster!” Each player repeats this in turn to his
left-hand neighbor who asks the question, until it is the leader’s
turn again.

He then repeats the first part and asks the player next to him, “Could
he crow?” The player answers, “Crow he could.” This is repeated by
each player with the previous questions. The next time the leader
says “How could he crow?” The player on the left answers
“Cock-a-doodle-doo!” This goes around the circle again and when the
last one has taken part, all together say “Cock-a-doodle-doo,” as a
finish.

No one is supposed to laugh during the whole game, whoever does, may
either pay a forfeit or is out of the game. It is best to have a
person who knows the game sit next to the leader, so they can start
the game correctly. The complete statements are these,

“My father had a rooster!”
“A what?”
“A rooster!”
“Could he crow?”
“Crow he could!”
“How could he crow?”
“Cock-a-doodle-doo!”

CROSS QUESTIONS AND CROOKED ANSWERS.

All sit in a circle for this game. The first one begins by whispering
some question to his left hand neighbor, such as “Do you like apples?”
The second player must remember the question asked him, and he answers
No. 1 by saying, “Yes, the nice, red, juicy kind.” This answer belongs
to No. 1 and he must remember it. No. 2 asks No. 3 a question, being
careful to remember his answer, as it belongs to him. Suppose he asks,
“Are you fond of books?” and the answer is “Yes, I read every one that
comes out.” Thus No. 2 has a question and answer that belong to him.

Every one in turn asks a question and gives an answer, remembering the
question he was asked and the answer his neighbor gave him, which
belong to him. When all have had a turn, No. 2 begins by saying aloud:
“I was asked: ‘Do you like cats?’ and the answer was ‘Yes, the nice,
red juicy kind’;” No. 2 says: “I was asked, ‘Do you like apples?’ and
the answer was, ‘Yes, I read every one that comes out,’” and so on.

MAGIC WRITING.

An assistant is necessary for this game. One gives a little talk about
sign-language and says that he can read any sign made with a stick on
the floor, and will leave the room while the others decide upon some
word for him to guess.

Beforehand, it has been agreed upon between the leader and his
assistant that one tap of the stick on the floor will represent “a”;
two taps, “e”; three taps, “i”; four taps, “o”; five taps, “u.” Thus
all the vowels are indicated by taps, and the consonants, by having
the first word of the sentence which the leader gives begin with the
chosen letter. The letters of the chosen word must be given in order.

The leader, who remains inside, knows the chosen word, and when the
assistant is called in, he makes many signs with the stick, tapping in
the proper places.

Suppose the word chosen is “Games.” When the assistant is called in,
the leader begins by making many scrolls, etc., on the floor, then
says: “Great fun, isn’t it?” (initial letter “g”), then one tap, “a”;
“Many don’t know what I’m writing.” (initial letter “m”); 2 taps, “e”;
“Sometimes it is hard to read.” (initial letter “s”). Then a few more
marks, so as not to end too abruptly, and the assistant says “Games,”
to the astonishment of the company.

This is continued until some have guessed, or until the trick has been
explained.

FAMOUS NUMBERS.

Provide the players with pencil and paper. Each one writes a number
on his slip. The papers are collected, mixed up, and each player draws
one. Each in turn must name something or someone suggested by that
number. The one who is unable to name anything must pay a forfeit.

Suppose No. 1 has 4, he will say: “My number is 4; the Declaration of
Independence was signed on the Fourth of July.” No. 2, “My number is
13; there are thirteen stripes in our flag.” No. 3, “My number is 60;
there are 60 minutes in an hour.”

MAGIC ANSWERS.

One is sent from the room and the others decide upon some object which
is to be guessed when the player enters.

The player outside has an accomplice in with the others who asks the
question when he returns. It was arranged between them that the object
chosen should be named after some four-legged thing.

Suppose a book is chosen by the players. When summoned in, the
accomplice asks: “Is it any one in this room?” “No.” “Is it a
handkerchief?” “No.” “Is it a picture?” “No.” “Is it a dog?” “No.”
“Is it this book?” “Yes.”

Another arrangement is to have the correct object mentioned after
something which is black, such as shoes, ink, etc.

MODELLING.

Provide each player with a card and a toothpick, also a piece of gum,
or paraffine if preferred.

The hostess announces that when she says “Ready,” the gum is to be
chewed until she tells them to stop, and then each one is to take the
gum, place it upon the card, and with the aid of the toothpick, model
either an animal or a flower, keeping his selection a secret, as each
one can choose what he wishes to model. The hostess keeps an eye on
the time and when time is up, (any length she chooses) all the cards
are collected and placed on a table for exhibition.

There is a curious mixture of cows, cats, dogs, sunflowers, pansies,
violets, etc. Vote is taken upon the best model and a prize is awarded
the victor.

SCISSORS CROSSED OR UNCROSSED.

A simple catch game is as follows. It is best if two of the company
know how to play it. One of the two is the leader and the other helps
her out.

The leader hands a closed pair of scissors to her accomplice, who
takes it and says: “I received these scissors uncrossed and I give
them crossed.” (Opening the scissors as she speaks.) She passes them
to the player on her right who should say: “I receive these scissors
crossed and I give them crossed.” (If they are left open; if closed,
they are uncrossed.) Those who do not know the game receive the
scissors and pass them and say what they think they ought. It may be
just what the player before said, but the condition of the scissors
may not be the same, and, therefore, it is not right.

Thus each one has a turn, and the game continues until some bright
player notices that the scissors are called crossed when they are open
and uncrossed when they are closed, and that the player who knows the
game crossed her feet if the scissors were crossed, and if not, her
feet were uncrossed, or resting on the floor as usual.

Thus the object of the game is to change the words and the position of
the feet in accordance with the position of the scissors.

CAPPING VERSES.

To while away the time before dinner, or while sitting in the
twilight, this is a simple amusement for those who love poetry.

One begins by giving a line or verse of poetry. The next one
continues, but his verse must commence with the last letter of the
previous verse, and so on, each one capping the other’s verse.

Suppose No.1 quotes:

“Full many a flower is born to blush unseen
And waste its sweetness on the desert air.”

No. 2 continues quoting:

“Romeo! wherefore art thou Romeo?”

No. 3:

“O speak again, bright angel.”

No. 4:

“Like summer tempest came her tears,
‘Sweet, my child, I live for thee.’”

and so on until the guests tire of it.

RABBIT.

The leader, who knows the game, asks each one in turn: “Do you know
how to play rabbit?” When all have answered, he says: “Do just what I
do, and I will show you how.”

1st. All stand in a row.

2d. All kneel down on one knee.

3d. All place the first finger of the right hand on the floor.

When all the players are in this position, just as they are losing
their balance, the leader, who is at the head of the line, pushes
against the player next to him, thus knocking over the whole row. As
they fall amid laughter, he calmly announces that that is the way to
play rabbit.

GHOST.

Turn down the lights. All the players sit in a circle. The leader has
a button which she gives to some player, as in “Button, button, who
has the button?” The one who guesses who has the button takes the
leader’s place while the leader becomes a ghost and remains outside
the circle. She can talk to the players in the circle, but no one
except the one in the middle can answer her. Anyone who does, becomes
a ghost with the leader.

Every effort is made on the part of the ghosts to induce the players
to answer. The button keeps going around the inside circle, the one
depositing the button becoming a ghost when a correct answer is given
and the other one taking his place.

The game continues until all are ghosts. If there was one who was not
enticed, that one wins the game.

WHAT AM I?

One of the players is sent out of the room. The rest decide upon the
name of some animal which he is to guess.

When he returns the players question him in turn, imitating the habits
of the animal chosen and asking questions as if he were that animal.

For instance, the animal chosen is tiger. The questions may be, “Do
you scratch?” “Are your claws sharp?” “Do you howl at night?”
etc. The player thinking they have named him a cat answers, “Yes,” and
says, “Am I a cat?” When answered in the negative, the players still
question him until he finally guesses tiger. The player whose question
betrayed the name of the chosen animal then takes his place and the
game continues as before.

NEEDLE THREADING.

Procure several large jars. Stand these on their sides. Only men can
contest for this, as ladies are supposed to be expert needle-threaders.

Four or five men contest at a time. Each sits on a jar with his feet
crossed in front. The leader hands each a needle and thread. Allow
five minutes for the contest.

The jars, being on their sides, will roll around, and as the
contestants have their feet crossed, it is a difficult task to remain
still long enough to thread the needle. Those who succeed deserve some
sort of prize.

CONFUSIONS.

The players are provided with pencil and paper. Each player selects
the name of some animal, fish, or bird, and mixes the letters so as to
spell other words. For instance, if one chooses elephant, the words
might be “pent heal”; if monkey, “o my ken,” while mackerel may be
“mere lack.”

Allow five minutes for making the “confusion,” no letter can be used
twice, and words must be formed. Then the hostess rings the bell and
each player in turn reads his “confusion” to the rest who guess what
his chosen word is. Each puzzle is carefully timed. The one whose
puzzle takes longest to guess is the winner, therefore, each person
must mix the letters as much as possible.

Sides may be chosen if preferred, the players taking turn alternately,
the side which has taken the least time to guess the puzzles is the
victorious side.

VERBAL AUTHORS.

The players sit in a circle. One is chosen as judge and he keeps
tally. Each player in turn, rises, and names some well-known book.
The first one to call out the name of the author scores a point. The
game continues until the interest ceases or the store of literary
knowledge is exhausted. The player having the most points is the
winner.

This game may be played in another way. Instead of calling out the
author as the book is named, provide each guest with pencil and paper
and announce that as a book is named, each player must write down the
author and the name of some character in that book.

Examples:

“The Taming of the Shrew”–
Wm. Shakespeare–Petruchio.

“Nicholas Nickleby”–
Chas. Dickens–Mr. Squeers.

“Ivanhoe”–
Sir Walter Scott–Rebecca.

PIN DOLL BABIES.

Any number may play this game. If there are men and women it is more
amusing.

Divide the company into groups of five or six. Each group sits around
a table upon which are pins, needles and thread, scissors, for each
player but no thimbles, and strips of tissue paper, colored and white.

The hostess hands each guest a large wooden clothes-pin which is to be
dressed as a doll, using the tissue paper for dresses and hats.

All begin to work at a given signal and the hostess allows a certain
length of time for the dressmaking. There is much merriment, as it is
nearly as awkward for the ladies to sew without a thimble as it is for
the men to use a needle.

When the time is up, these doll-babies are arranged in line for
inspection. Two judges are appointed to decide upon the best and the
worst. Prizes are awarded.

BUILDING SENTENCES.

The hostess begins by saying one word and announces that each word of
the sentence must begin with the initial letter of the given word. The
player to her right gives the second word, the next player, the third,
and so on, until the sentence is complete only when it reaches the
hostess.

Each player must be careful not to give a word which with the others
completes the sentence, as the hostess is the only one who is supposed
to finish it–but sometimes it seems as though all the words of that
letter have been taken; if this is the case, the player who finished
the sentence must pay a forfeit or drop out of the game.

Suppose there are nine players and number one says “An,” number two
“Angry,” number three “Ape,” number four “Ate,” number five “Apples”;
thus number five is out or pays a forfeit as the sentence is completed
and there are still four more to play. Thus the sentence might have
been “An angry ape ate attractive, audacious, ancient April apples.”

This sentence is absurd, but the more ridiculous, the greater the fun.

For the second turn the player to the right of the hostess begins,
using a word beginning with another letter and so on, until each
player has started a sentence.

GEOGRAPHY.

Select two leaders from the company. Each leader chooses players for
his side. The sides stand opposite each other. One leader begins by
giving the name of some river, mountain, lake, city or town, state or
country, located in any part of the world, that begins with the letter
A, the other leader answers back with another geographical name
commencing with A. The two leaders continue with the letter A until
they can think of no more names, then, they commence with B, and so
on, until every letter of the alphabet has been used.

The players on the opposite sides simply help their leader with the
names, as soon as one thinks of a name it is passed up to the leader
to help him. No place can be named twice. The side that stands up the
longest wins.

Another way to play this game is as follows. Having chosen the sides
as before, one leader begins by naming any place, lake, river, etc.,
commencing with any letter; the leader on the other side then follows
with a name commencing with the last letter of the previous name; then
the player next to the leader on the opposite side follows with a name
commencing with the last letter of that name and so on, each player
has a turn as it goes from side to side. Suppose the leader names
Washington, the next New York, and so on. Thirty seconds is allowed to
think of a name, if he fails in that, he must drop out. Any one may be
challenged to locate the place which he has named. The side which has
kept up the longest, is the champion.

WHAT WOULD YOU DO IF–?

Predicaments of the worst kind are thought of and written on pieces of
paper. These are handed among the guests, who write out an answer,
telling the best way out of the difficulty. Each question begins with
“What would you do if–?”

When all have written their answers, the papers are collected in a
basket, mixed up, and each one draws one out. The answers are then
read aloud.

Examples: What would you do if you fell into a tar barrel? I would be
too stuck up to do anything.

What would you do if you should meet a footpad? I would say, “Please,
sir, go away.”

WATCH TRICK.

It will require two people who know this game to be in the secret. One
of them leaves the room while his confederate remains inside with the
others. He hides an article which the rest of the players have
selected, in an adjoining room which is totally dark, placing a watch
with a moderately loud tick, either on, or as near to the hidden
object as he can. The rest of the players must not know anything about
the watch, as they are kept guessing how the player who is out,
succeeds in finding the hidden article in the dark room.

When everything is ready, the one outside is called in, led into the
dark room, and hunts for the object. The rest must remain very quiet,
as it breaks the “charm,” so the leader says. Guided by the ticking of
the watch, and knowing that it is there, he soon discovers the hidden
object to the surprise of the others.

He and his confederate may take turns going out and after a while, if
the company are very quiet, one of them might hear the watch ticking
and the trick is disclosed.

FIND YOUR BETTER-HALF.

Select a number of pictures of men and women from fashion papers,
advertising books, etc. If possible, try to procure them in pairs,
that is, a man and woman contained in the same picture, or two having
the same expression. Number the pictures in pairs, thus there will be
two of No. 1, of No. 2, No. 3, etc.

Give the young ladies the pictures of the men and the young men those
of the ladies. Each one then hunts for his partner or “better-half,”
comparing the pictures and number.

The more mixed the pictures were when given out, the longer it will
take to find partners.

WORDS

The players form a line as in a spelling match. Sides may be chosen if
preferred. The first one begins by giving the first letter of a word,
“A” for instance, thinking of the word “Animal.” The next player,
thinking of “animate,” says, “n.” The next, thinking of “antidote,”
says “t,” but this with the other letters spells “ant,” so he must go
to the foot of the line.

The object of the game is to keep from adding a letter which finishes
the word. Often one will give a letter, when thinking of another
word, which will complete a word. If he does not notice his mistake,
the others call out “foot.”

LETTERS.

Empty the contents of a box of “anagrams” on a table so all the
letters are in a pile face downward. The players sit around the table.

The leader begins by turning up one of the letters and says, “Bird.”
The players all see the letter, and the first one who responds with
the name of a bird commencing with that letter is given the card, and
then it is his turn to turn up a card, calling out “Bird,” “Animal,”
“Fish,” or “Famous Man,” or anything he wishes. Suppose the first
letter was “E,” and a player answered it with “Eagle”; the next letter
was “G,” and “Famous Man” was called out, someone would say “Grant.”

The one who has answered the most, thus obtaining the greatest number
of cards, is the winner.

SEEING AND REMEMBERING.

Fill a table with all sorts of things, books, gloves, dolls, pins,
scissors, food, some large, striking picture, another very small
object. Keep the table covered until ready for use.

Then remove the cover and let all the guests march around it three
times, touching nothing on it, simply looking. The cover is replaced
and each one is given a pencil and paper on which he writes down as
many things as he can remember were on the table.

The one who has the largest list of correct names receives a
prize. The objects may be auctioned off afterwards.

LIVE TIT-TAT-TO.

On a sheet mark a regular tit-tat-to diagram in black point. Stretch
the sheet so it will be smooth on the floor. Divide the company into
sides, a captain being appointed for each side. Call one side the
crosses and the other side the zeros.

When a signal is given, the captain of one side takes his position in
any one of the squares of the diagram. The captain of the other side
follows, taking his position, then a player of the first side takes
his position endeavoring to be in a row with the first move, so the
next player on his side will form the third cross or zero, as the case
may be, in the row, either straight or diagonally, and win the game
for that side.

The winning side then changes to zeros if they were crosses or vice
versa. Let each player have a turn, as there are only nine squares,
and as the game may be won before they are all filled, some may not
have a chance to play. It is best, when playing a new game, to let
those who did not play before have first play.

BITS OF ADVICE.

Each person is given a slip of paper and pencil. The leader then
tells the players to write a bit of advice, original if possible, on
the paper, fold it, and drop it into a basket as it passes by.

The papers are all mixed up and the basket is passed again, each
player taking one, but not unfolding it until he is told to.

Before opening the papers each one must say whether the advice is good
or bad, necessary or unnecessary, and whether he intends to follow
it. When the paper is unfolded it may be the opposite of what he has
said.

PICTURES.

Provide the players with pencil and paper. All sit in a circle. The
leader announces that pictures are to be drawn in this manner. First,
draw a head (either animal or human), fold the paper, pass it to the
right.

Second–Draw a neck, shoulders, and arms.

Third–Complete the body (the former player having left two lines
below the fold of the paper).

Fourth–The skirt, trousers or legs, as the case may be.

Fifth–The feet, and if you wish to add to the fun, the last one
writes a name either of some one present or some noted person.

The papers are folded and passed after each drawing and the last time,
they are all opened and passed around to be inspected and laughed
over.

[Illustration: A drawing of man with a cat's head, wearing a dinner
jacket, skirt, and clogs. Five folds are indicated at the neck,
mid-torso, waist, knees, and feet.]

HOUSEHOLD GOSSIP.

One of the guests is sent out of the room. The hostess asks the
remaining players to say something about him. As each one in turn
gives his statement, she writes it down with the person’s name on a
piece of paper which she keeps.

The player is then summoned in and she reads the statements about him
one at a time and he must try to guess who said it. As soon as he
guesses one correctly, the one who said it must go out of the room and
the game goes on as before.

Examples–

You have the family eyes.

Your chin is too small.

The left sleeve of your coat has a spot on it; and so on.

TABLE FOOTBALL.

The “football” for this game is an eggshell which has had the egg
blown out of it. The players sit around the table with their captains,
who have been previously chosen at each end. There need not be just
eleven on each side as in a regular game, but any number. Each
captain chooses his side.

Boundaries are marked on the table with, chalk or tape, the two ends
being the goals.

When all are ready, the eggshell is placed in the middle of the table,
a signal is given, and the members of each team blow the shell towards
his goal. No player can leave his place, and the “football” must be
moved entirely by blowing.

Regular football rules are used and the count is the same as in
football. It will add to the interest, if the two teams stand for
rival colleges.

MUSICAL MEDLEY.

Number eight slips of paper with the same number. On each slip write a
part, or a line from a verse of a familiar song. Suppose set No. 1 was
a verse of “America,” this is the way it would be written.

1. My country,
1. ‘Tis of thee,
1. Sweet land of liberty,
1. Of thee I sing;
1. Land where my fathers died,
1. Land of the pilgrim’s pride,
1. From every mountain side,
1. Let freedom ring.

Prepare as many slips in groups of eight as there are guests. Give
each one a slip at random and tell each to find the rest of his set.

When the players of one group have found each other, they stand
together in one corner of the room and practise their song. Each group
does this until all the groups are formed, and then, commencing with
No. 1, each group in turn sings its song aloud for the benefit of the
audience.

ANOTHER MUSICAL MEDLEY.

Provide each player with pencil and paper. Before playing this game
it must be arranged with someone who plays the piano well to have a
list of popular songs ready, which she must play one right after the
other.

When the leader gives a signal, the pianist strikes up a tune and
continues playing from a part of one song into another until she has
reached the end of her list.

The others write down on their papers the names of the songs as fast
as they are played, and when the pianist stops, the correct list is
read by her, and the rest check off their lists. Prizes may be
awarded. It is a strange fact, that after such a medley, there will be
very few, if any, who have correct lists.

PASSING CLOTHESPINS.

Sides are chosen among the players. Each side then takes its position,
forming a row on the floor, the leader at the end. The sides face each
other, but quite a space is left between them.

At the head of each line is placed a basket containing twelve
clothespins. Each player is instructed to hold his neighbor’s right
wrist with his left hand, thus leaving one hand (the right one), free.

The leaders begin by passing the clothespins, one at a time, down the
line, each player being careful not to drop one. When one reaches the
end of the line, the last player places it on the floor beside him
until all twelve have been passed, then he passes them, the same as
before, up the line to the leader.

The side which succeeds in passing all its clothespin back to its
leader first is the victorious side. It is best to have a trial game
first, so that the players may become used to passing with one hand,
thus being able to do it rapidly for the regular game.

If a clothespin is dropped, the player who dropped it must pick it up
and pass it on. The rest must wait until it is passed before passing
any of the others.

PANTOMIME.

Give each guest a slip of paper, folded, containing words which can be
acted in pantomime. Each one must keep his a secret, as the rest of
the company guess what he is acting out.

The players sit in a circle, and the one acting in pantomime his
words, stands in the middle where all can see him.

Suppose one had “Dog” on his slip, he would pretend to pet him, call
him, and make him perform. Another might have “Blackberries” and make
all the imaginary motions of picking and eating them, and being caught
on the bushes. If one has “Strawberry shortcake,” she can go through
the process of making the imaginary cake, and hulling the berries for
it.

As soon as it is guessed what the player’s word is, the rest call it
out.

BIRDS FLY.

The players sit in a circle, one person who is quick and witty is
chosen as leader. He stands in the center of the circle.

Whenever he mentions any animal that flies all the players make a
flying motion with their hands, but if he names something that doesn’t
fly, he alone makes the motions; if any player makes the motion when
he ought to be still he is out of the game. Suppose the leader begins
by saying “Parrots fly,” all must move their hands up and down whether
the leader does or not, but if he says next time “Horses fly,” all
must remain still.

It is a good plan to call the names quickly, inserting many that
don’t fly, when the players are excited, so they will be confused and
many will be out.

TRIPS AROUND THE WORLD.

There are several ways of playing this game, here are two. Provide
each guest with a little paper book to represent a guide book and a
pencil.

Articles of all kinds have been scattered around the room to represent
different countries, states, or cities. A little package of tea
suggests China; a paper fan, Japan; a piece of cotton batting,
Louisiana; a wooden shoe, Holland; a stein, Germany; and so on. Allow
a certain length of time for the guesses, then collect the little
books, and the player who has guessed the greatest number correctly
receives a prize.

Another way. The players sit in a circle, Number One names some place
beginning with the letter A, and asks No. 2 what he shall do
there. No. 2 answers in words beginning with A, and he, in turn names
a city commencing with B, and asks No. 3 the question. Thus each
player must answer the question of his neighbor, and name another
place.

For example:

“I am going to America, what shall I do there?”

“Admire Astrakhan Apples. I am bound for Boston, what shall I do
there?”

“Bake beans and brown bread. My journey takes me to Chicago, what
shall I do there?”

“Catch cold,” etc., etc.

JACK’S ALIVE.

A piece of kindling wood is held in the fire until it is well
lighted. It is then passed from one player to the other, each one
saying in turn, “Jack’s alive.” The instant the stick ceases to burn
“Jack” is “dead” and the one who is then holding it has to pay a
forfeit.

It is passed very quickly from one to the other, as each player wishes
to get rid of it before the spark goes out.

For a forfeit, the man who was holding it will have to undergo the
process of having a black mustache made with the charred end of the
stick.

GOING A-FISHING.

Cut a number of small fishes about two inches long out of
cardboard. Each fish counts five, but two, which may be a little
larger, are numbered ten. A loop is made with thread on the back of
each fish.

Rods (sticks about a foot long with string, at the end of which is a
bent pin, fastened to each) are provided for the players.

The fishes are placed on the floor or table and, at the word “ready”
from the leader, all the players go a-fishing. Each tries his best to
hold his rod steady enough to slip the bent pin through the loop of
thread. As soon as a fish is caught all must stop until the signal to
begin again is given.

Everyone tries to catch the fishes marked ten, but sometimes it is
wiser to catch as many ordinary ones as a person can, thus making more
points. The player scoring most points is victor.

CONSEQUENCES.

Provide each player with pencil and paper. The first thing to write
on the paper is an adjective which applies to a man. The paper is then
folded over and passed to the right. This time each one writes the
name of a man (either present or absent), folds the paper so the next
one can’t see what is written, and passes it on to the right. This is
done each time and the order of names is as follows after the first
two, then an adjective which applies to a lady, then a lady’s name;
next, where they met; what he said; then, what she said; the
consequence; and last of all, what the world said.

After all have finished writing “what the world said,” the papers are
passed to the right, opened, and read aloud.

Thus:

Handsome
Mr. —-
(met) Pretty
Miss
(at) The Fair
(he said) Have you heard the news?
(she said) I intend to go home.
(the consequence was) They never spoke again.
(the world said) “As you like it.”

PERSONAL CONUNDRUMS.

The guests are requested to think up some conundrums about some person
in the present company.

Each one in turn gives his conundrum and the player to his left must
answer it if he can; if he fails, any one present may help him out.

The conundrums may be written if preferred, mixed up in a hat or
basket and each player takes one to answer.

Some of them may prove very funny. For the best conundrum and best
answer given, a prize may be awarded.

Examples–

Why is Mr. —- like the flatiron building?

Because he is so very tall.

Why is Miss —- like sugar?

Because she is easily melted, that is, overcome.

HUNTING THE WHISTLE.

The players who know how to play this game stay in one room, while the
others go into the hall, or another room. Those knowing the trick sit
down in chairs which have been arranged in two rows, with an aisle
between.

The leader calls one in from the other room and explains to him that
there is a whistle in the room, and as he hears it blown he must find
it. He can make a long speech about the whistle so as to interest the
player, because someone is then pinning the whistle, (which is on the
end of a string) to the player’s coat.

Both the leader and player stand at one end of the room, between the
two rows of chairs. When the leader says “go,” the player starts on
his hunt. The rest of the players pretend they have the whistle, and
blow it whenever it chances to pass their way. Thus the player is kept
going from side to side until finally someone happens to pull the
string and he feels it and discovers the whistle on his own coat. He
then takes his place with the rest in the row and another one is
called in and goes through the same hunt. Thus it continues until all
the players know the game.

THE FIVE SENSES.

All the players sit in a circle. No. 1 begins by naming something he
has seen, being careful what his last word is, as it must furnish him
with a rhyme for the rest of the game. Each player in turn tells what
he has seen, then No. 1 repeats his first statement and adds what he
heard, the next time, what he tasted; then what he smelt; and lastly,
what he felt. For example, No. 1 says, “I saw a ring of solid gold.”
No. 2 says, “I saw a boy fall off the car.”

The second time round No. 1 says,

“I saw a ring of solid gold.
I heard a story twice told.”

No. 2 says,

“I saw a boy fall off the car.
I heard the war news from afar.”

and so on, after going around five times, No. 1′s complete rhyme
would be,

“I saw a ring of solid gold.
I heard a story twice told.
I tasted cheese that was too old.
I smelt hay that soon would mould.
I felt for something I couldn’t hold.”

Do not have the verses written as there is more fun in trying to
remember one’s rhyme.

WIGGLES.

Provide each guest with pencil and paper. Papers four inches square
will be large enough. Each player draws a line about an inch and a
half long with one or more quirks in it, in the upper left hand corner
of the paper.

The papers are then passed to the player to the right who must draw
some picture out of the “wiggle” in the corner. The paper may be
turned in any position. Allow five minutes for the drawings.

At the end of this time, each one writes his name on the paper and
hands it to the hostess. A committee is appointed to decide upon the
best “wiggle-picture” and a prize is awarded to the artist. Examples–

[Illustration: Two drawings of a Roman column a swan, and the
"wiggles" they are based on]

The heaviest line is the wiggle.

TELEGRAM.

Provide the players with pencil and paper. Each one then writes on
his piece of paper ten letters of the alphabet in any order, using no
letter twice. The papers are then passed to the right and each one is
requested to write a telegram, using the ten letters for the beginning
of the ten words, just in the order given. The papers are then passed
again and the telegrams are read aloud. Some will be very amusing.

Examples–

A. E. F. J. K. L. N. O. P. T. Am ever frightfully jealous. Keep
lookout now on Pa’s tricks.

C. B. D. W. G. H. S. I. M. Y. Come back. Down with Grandma. How shall
I meet you?

SPELLING MATCH.

Choose leaders and divide the company into sides. The sides stand
opposite each other as in the old-fashioned spelling match.

The leader, who may be the hostess, has a spelling book from which she
selects the words which the players must spell backwards. Words of
one or two syllables may be chosen, and if, when spelt backwards, they
spell other words, so much the better.

The players take turns, one on one side, and one on the other, and so
on, until all have spelled. If any fail to spell the word backwards,
or do not pronounce it afterward, if it can be pronounced, they must
drop out. The side which stands up the longest is the winning side.

Some words are:

Star Now Pan Dew
Mat Eve Bard Tub
Stop Eel Tops Ton
Ten On Den Nun

POOR PUSSY.

All the players sit in a circle, one being chosen out. This one kneels
before each player in turn and says, in pitiful tones: “Meow!” Each
player, when addressed by “pussy,” must say, without smiling: “Poor
Pussy.”

“Pussy” addresses each player three times, trying her best to make the
players laugh. If the one she is kneeling before does laugh, they
exchange places, but if not, “pussy” moves on to the next one.

GUESSES.

Each player receives a slip of paper and pencil. The leader begins by
saying: “Guess how high the door is.” “Guess how thick that book is.”
“Guess how tall Mr. Blank is.” “How far does this chair stand from
the floor,”

He allows a few seconds after each question for the players to write
their answers. After twenty or more guesses have been asked, the
papers are passed to the right hand neighbor for correction.

The leader then measures each article, person, or thing, with a tape
measure, and the guesses on the lists are checked off. The person who
has a correct list deserves something for a reward.

NUT RACE.

Choose two captains from the company, who select sides until all the
guests are on one side or the other.

Place a pile of mixed nuts on the floor and an empty bowl about three
feet from it, at one end of the room and at the other end another pile
and bowl.

The captains and their sides stand by their respective pile of
nuts. When the signal is given each captain takes as many nuts on the
back of his left hand from the pile as he can gather without the aid
of his right hand and carries them to the empty bowl at the opposite
side of the room. The players follow the captain in turn continuing
until the pile is gone and the bowl is full.

The side which succeeds in filling its bowl first is victorious.

TORN FLOWERS.

Prepare a table full of different colored tissue paper, bottles of
mucilage and white cards, one for each guest.

The players sit around the table, the hostess gives each a card and
announces that each one is to make a flower out of the tissue paper,
but as there are no scissors each one must tear his paper and every
one knows how hard it is to tear tissue paper. Each one keeps the name
of his flower a secret. As they are made they are pasted on the
cards. Each card is numbered and when all are done “tearing,” the
cards are collected and placed on a table for exhibition.

The player guessing the greatest number of flowers correctly receives
a prize. The game may be varied, as either animals or vegetables could
be torn.

SPEARING PEANUTS.

Fill a cup with peanuts, two of which are blackened with ink on one
end.

The guests play one at a time. No. 1 sits down by a table, empties the
cup of peanuts in a pile on it and is given a hatpin with which she
spears the peanuts one at a time without disturbing the pile, and
places them back in the cup. A few minutes is allowed each player;
when the time is up, the peanuts in the cup are counted, the blackened
ones count ten apiece and the plain ones, one.

Tally is kept for each player and a suitable prize is given to the one
who succeeded in securing the largest score.

PEANUT HUNT AND SCRAMBLE.

Before the guests enter the room, hide peanuts in every conceivable
place, behind pictures, under chairs, on the gas fixtures, among the
ornaments, five or six in vases, etc.

Give each guest a paper bag as he enters the room into which he places
all the peanuts he finds. Allow a certain length of time for the hunt,
then collect all the bags and select a good tall person who stands on
a chair and empties the contents of each bag on the floor as fast as
he can and a lively scramble for them ensues, then the one who has the
greatest number of whole peanuts collected deserves a prize; the
others can eat their peanuts as a comfort.

MUSICAL ILLUSTRATIONS.

A blackboard and different colored chalk will be necessary for this
game.

Give each guest a slip of paper on which is written the name of some
song.

The leader announces that each one in turn steps up to the blackboard
and illustrates his song in the most vivid manner possible. Each
player is numbered and after No. 1 finishes his drawing the others
write their guesses on paper opposite his number and No. 2 erases the
former drawing and illustrates his song. Thus each one takes his turn,
allowing time for the others to write their guesses.

When all have had their turn the correct list is read by the leader,
the players checking their own lists. Prizes may be given to the one
having the most correct answers and to the person who illustrated his
song the most artistically.

Suggestions for songs are “Sweet Bunch of Daisies,” “The Four-Leaf
Clover.” “My Old Kentucky Home” may be illustrated by drawing a house
in the outline of the state of Kentucky; “Home, Sweet Home,” by a
house and a jar of sweets near it; “America,” by the outline of North
America.

AN APPLE HUNT.

The hostess should prepare beforehand cards four inches square and
outline on each an apple by dots concealing the outline with other
dots. In one corner of the card is stuck a needle containing enough
green thread to outline the apple. These “apples” are then hidden by
groups, five in a group, in different parts of the room.

A set of directions is prepared such as, No. 1, “Look under the mat”;
No. 2, “Look under a certain rocking-chair,” and so on. Five of these
directions are sufficient, the last one telling where the apple is
hidden. There are different sets of directions lettered A, B, C, etc.,
five in a set, all lettered alike; the group of five apples being at
the end of each set of directions.

As each guest arrives he is given No. 1 of some set. Following that,
he finds No. 2, and so on, until he finds the five apples, one of
which he takes, finds the dotted apple, threads the needle and
outlines it with the green cotton. The one who succeeds in finding
his apple first and makes the neatest outline is the winner.

SHOUTING PROVERBS.

The more playing this game, the merrier it will be. Send one of the
players from the room. The others decide upon a familiar proverb which
he is to guess when he returns. Suppose the one chosen is “A rolling
stone gathers no moss.” Beginning with the leader and going to the
left each player in turn takes one word, thus the leader has “a,” the
next “rolling,” the next “stone” and so on, repeating it until every
player has a word. If the company is large two or three might have the
same word.

When the one who was out is summoned in, he counts 1,2,3; when he says
3, all the players shout their word. It will be very confusing and
hard to hear any one word, but after the second or third trial, one
word which was heard above the rest might suggest the whole proverb.

The player who is out is given five trials in which to guess; if he
does not succeed, he must go out again, but if he has listened
attentively to one or two, and has guessed correctly, the player whose
shouting gave away the proverb is then sent out and the game continues
as before.

BAKER’S DOZEN.

This game is just for two and is similar to Tit-tat-to. Make a drawing
like the illustration and the game is ready.

[Illustration: A drawing of a stack of twelve rectangles topped with
an half-circle. These are numbered sequentially from the bottom.]

No. 1 chooses a figure which No. 2 must try to guess by indicating
with a pencil dot or mark at the side of the different spaces, until
he has guessed the number chosen.

The numbers in the different spaces marked by No. 2 are added to his
score; and those unmarked are added to No. 1.

Suppose No. 1 chooses 13, and No. 2 marks first 4, then 10, 9, 5, 2,
and finally 13, the sum of all these (43) will be No. 2′s score, while
the sum of the numbers unmarked (48) belongs to No. 1.

The game may be played as long as is desirable, but it is more
exciting to have a fixed number, such as 300 or 500.

PEANUT CONTEST.

Place two small bowls on a table at one end of the room, at the other
end of the room on a table have two bags of peanuts and two knives.

The players may choose partners in any way desired. The partners play
together.

The leader gives a signal, watches the time and keeps tally. When the
signal is given a player, with his partner, steps to the table
containing the peanuts, each takes a knife and when the leader says
“go,” each places as many peanuts as he can on the blade of the knife
and carries it with one hand to the other end of the room, where he
deposits the peanuts and returns for more. As many trips can be made
as the time will allow. Three minutes is good time.

When the time is up the leader says, “Stop,” and the number of peanuts
in each bowl is counted and accredited to the two players. Each pair
takes turn in playing, time and tally being kept for each until all
have played.

The list of contestants is read aloud, the partners who succeeded in
carrying the greatest number of peanuts to their bowls receive a
prize.

DEFINITIONS.

Provide each player with pencil and paper. The leader has a
dictionary which she opens at any place and selects a word which the
rest are to define.

The players write the word and their definition of it on the slips of
paper. When the leader taps a bell all the slips must be collected and
mixed up in a basket or hat.

Each player then draws out a slip and the definitions are read aloud
in turn. The leader decides which one has written a definition most
like the one in the dictionary. The author of the best one rises,
receives the dictionary, gives out a word and the game proceeds as
before.

ALPHABETICAL ANSWERS.

Prepare cards with one letter of the alphabet on each, omitting V, X,
Z. Of course if the company is large, several will have the same
letter.

The cards are pinned on the guests, and it is announced that no one
must answer any question presented to him except by a sentence
commencing with the letter on his card, the answer being given before
the questioner could count ten.

No two players can question a person at the same time, and no one can
give the same answer twice.

If a player begins his reply with a wrong letter or does not answer in
time, his letter is taken from him by his questioner, who adds it to
his and he then has the privilege of answering with either of his
letters. The player who is without a card is supplied with one again
but after the third trial he is out of the game.

PITCH BASKET.

Select a number of small fruit baskets, all the same size, and have a
box of checkers handy. Suppose you have five, on the bottom of one
mark 20, on another 15, on two, 5; and on the other, 0. Place the
baskets in a row on the floor so their numbers cannot be seen.

Choose sides, giving the red checkers to the leader of one side and
the black checkers to the other. One side lines up about 10 ft. away
from the baskets, the leader giving each player a checker; if there
are any left he keeps them and has the privilege of throwing
them. Each one in turn throws his checker into any basket, trusting to
luck that they fall into a basket with a number on it.

When all have played the leader turns up each basket to see its number
and counts the number of checkers thrown into it. If there were two in
basket No. 20, it would count 40; if 3 in one basket No. 5, it would
be 15; if four in the other basket No. 5, 20; and if there were 3 in
basket 0, it would count nothing. Thus the score for that side is
75. The players on the other side line up and play as the others
did. The order of the baskets must be changed by someone not of that
side, so no one knows which is which. Their score is added up.

The game continues until a certain number, 300 or 500, has been
reached. The side scoring that number of points first is victorious.

WHO AM I?

As the guests arrive pin a card with a name of some noted author,
statesman, or poet written on it, on their backs, so that every one
can see it but themselves.

Of course, each person wants to know who he is, so the guests talk to
each other as though they were the person whose name is on the other’s
back, but do not mention the name, and from the conversation, they
have to guess who they are.

PROGRESSIVE PUZZLES.

The players are provided with pasteboard cards 2 inches square, and
scissors. At a signal, given by the hostess, they must cut their cards
in four pieces, the cuts must intersect in some place, but the card
can be cut in any other way.

When the cards are cut and the four pieces mixed, they are passed to
the player at the right, who has to put the four pieces together
correctly.

A certain time is given for each puzzle and each time it is passed to
the right, until each player has his own puzzle again.

TIT FOR TAT.

Plan to have an even number of guests invited, half ladies and half
gentlemen.

Provide thick boards for each lady, also a hammer and paper of tacks,
and for the men, plain hats (untrimmed) and material for trimming,
also a paper of pins.

When all the guests arrive set them to work. The ladies have to
hammer as many tacks in straight, in their boards as they can, during
the allotted time, while the men trim their hats, choosing their
material from that which is provided. When the time (which may be as
long or as short as you wish) is up, the men put on their respective
hats and pass before the ladies for inspection; the one having the
best trimmed one receives a prize.

The men inspect the work of the ladies, and the one who has hammered
the most tacks into her board “straight,” receives a prize.

EYE-GUESSING.

Hang a sheet or screen in a doorway between two rooms and cut six
holes, the size and shape of eyes, each pair a distance apart, in it,
some up high and some down low.

Choose groups of four to go behind the sheet, the rest of the guests
staying in the other room.

Three of the chosen four look through the holes at a time. The short
ones can stand on chairs and look through the high pair, while the
tall ones can stoop down, thus confusing those who have to guess who
the pairs of eyes belong to.

A short time is given for guessing each group, and then the next set
go out.

The guesses are written on slips of paper and after all the eyes have
been “examined,” the correct list is read by one who stayed behind the
sheet all the time.

THE PRINCE OF WALES.

Any number can play this game. The players stand in a line around the
room and number themselves, beginning with one, until each has a
number.

The leader, who has no number and who has charge of the game, begins
by saying–

“The Prince of Wales has lost his hat, all on account of No. 1, Sir;”
then No. 1 says: “No, sir, not I, sir, No. 5, (or any number he
wishes), sir.” Then No. 5, repeats what No. 1 said, giving another
number instead of 5; but if he fails to respond, then the leader says,
“No. 5 to the foot, sir,” and then all those who were below No. 5 move
up one, and thus their number becomes one less.

The leader begins again and he must be very quick to send those to the
foot, who fail to respond.

COMMERCE.

The guests are seated around a table, each one having a pile of fifty
beans in front of him. The leader has two packs of playing cards, one
of which is used for an auction sale, one card at a time being sold to
the highest bidder, who pays for it in beans.

When all the cards of the first pack have been sold, the players
arrange their cards and beans on the table ready for business.

The auctioneer then holds up the second pack and announces that he
will call the cards off one at a time, and as he does so, the player
who has the duplicate of that card must give it up to the auctioneer.

After each calling there is a little time allowed to buy or sell the
cards, the object of the game being either to have more beans than any
one else, or to have the duplicate card which is at the bottom of the
second pack, thus causing a very exciting time as the second pile
diminishes.

LAUGH A LITTLE.

The players sit in a circle with one in the middle for leader. The
leader must be one who laughs heartily and is very quick.

He begins the game by throwing a plain, white handkerchief up in the
air, as high as he can, and while it is in the air, everyone must
laugh, but the minute it touches the floor, there must be perfect
silence. The leader must catch those who are still laughing and send
them from the ring.

The game goes on until every one is out of the circle. If there should
happen to be one who doesn’t laugh when the handkerchief is on the
floor, he surely deserves a prize.

LOCATION.

Choose two leaders who select sides. One begins by calling the name of
some town or place and then counts ten. While he is counting, the
opposite opponent must answer where the place is. If he fails to
answer before ten is counted, he must drop out.

Then the leader of the other side takes his turn, and challenges some
player of the opposite side.

The side which stands up the longest, wins the game.

FASHION NOTES.

The names of various fashion papers, such as “The Delineator,” “The
Styles,” “Le Bon Ton,” “Ladies’ Home Journal,” are written on cards,
which are cut so that it requires the two parts to know what the title
is. Distribute these among the guests, who hunt for the corresponding
part, thus getting their partners; crayon and paper is given out and
the ladies are requested to draw and color a gown representing the one
she has on, while the men are asked to write a description of the
gown.

The drawings and descriptions are collected after time is allowed, and
placed on a table for display.

Prizes may be awarded to the partners having the best drawing and
description.

STRAY SYLLABLES.

Prepare long strips of paper on which the guests are requested to
write several words of three or more syllables, leaving spaces between
each syllable.

When this is done, cut up the words into the syllables and mix
thoroughly. Then each player draws three syllables and tries to
construct a word.

If a word can’t be made of all three syllables, maybe it can be made
of two, but if it is then impossible to construct a word, the player
must wait until the rest draw three syllables again, and perchance he
may be able to construct two words, using the syllables he could not
use before.

The one constructing the most words, wins the game.

QUAKER MEETING.

All the guests sit in a circle and the leader begins by saying: “This
is a very solemn occasion.” He then twirls his thumbs and looks very
solemn. Commencing with the player to the right of the leader, each
one in turn repeats what he has said, very solemnly twirls his thumbs,
and keeps twirling them, until each one has repeated it, and it is the
leader’s turn again.

He then says, “Sister Jane died last night,” still twirling his
thumbs. This goes around the circle as before. Then the player to the
right of the leader says, “How did she die?” and he replies, “Like
this,” moving his right hand up and down. Thus each one tells his
neighbor, and makes the motion just as the leader has done.

After each one has said this, still repeating the same question and
answer, the leader moves his left hand up and down, too, thus both
hands are going; the next time both hands and the right foot are
moving; then both hands and both feet; next, hands, feet, and head,
bobbing up and down; last, fall back in the chair uttering a hideous
groan as if dead.

No one must laugh during the whole game; whoever does, must leave the
circle.

MAGIC MUSIC.

One player is sent from the room and the rest decide upon something he
must do when called in.

When this has been done he is summoned by magic music which is made by
having one of the players strike on something which will make a
noise. If there is a piano, so much the better, if not, a piece of
metal or a bell will do.

As he nears the object which he is to find the music grows very loud,
and faint when he is far away.

Suppose he is to take a flower from a vase, and give it to one of the
players. As he nears the flowers, the music grows louder and louder,
and if he touches one, it stops; then he knows he has to do something
with it. If he smells it, the music grows faint, and he knows he is
wrong. As he starts to give it to the players, the music varies until
he has given it to the right one.

Someone else then leaves the room, and the game goes on as before.

PATCHWORK ILLUSTRATIONS.

For this game it is necessary for the hostess to collect a large
number of pictures from magazines, advertisement pages or papers.
These are placed in the center of a table around which the players are
seated.

Each guest is provided with a paper at the top of which is written a
quotation. The hostess announces that each player is to illustrate his
or her quotation with the pictures provided. The pictures are pasted
on the papers, and if necessary, a background can be made with pencil
or pen and ink.

The papers are then arranged on a table for inspection and a prize is
awarded for the best illustration.

BIOGRAPHY.

Provide the players with pencil and paper. The leader then announces
that a biography is to be written, and the first thing to write is the
name of some person in the room; the paper is folded over so the name
cannot be seen and passed to the player at his left, who writes a date
which is the birth date, and the name of some town; the paper is
folded again and passed to the left and this time a sentence of ten
words is written about early childhood–from one to ten years. Next, a
sentence of same length telling of events between twenty and forty
years; next, between forty and fifty years; date of death next, last,
remark about this life. When all has been written, the folded papers
are passed to the left again and each player reads his paper aloud.

The more ridiculous the sentences, the better the biography, and as no
one knows what is under the folded parts, sometimes the date of death
will be earlier than that of birth, or there will be a vast difference
in time.

Example–Name, John Smith. Born, July 4, 1449, Boston. From 1 to 10
years, mischievous child, quarrelled with everybody, expelled from
school, stole eggs.

From 20 to 40, stayed home, did dressmaking, became sickly, remained
an old maid.

From 40 to 50, became a wealthy widower, left with three children to
raise. Died January 1, 1860. Most remarkable man that ever lived in
his little town.

ORCHESTRA.

Any number can play this game, the more the merrier. Each player is
told to play some imaginary instrument. The leader with an imaginary
baton, begins by humming some lively, familiar tune. The players
follow with motions suitable to their instruments and sing the tune
the leader is humming.

When the leader pretends to play some instrument, the player who has
that imaginary instrument, must pretend he is leader and beat time
with the baton, but as soon as the real leader changes the instrument
or beats time again the player must continue with his own instrument.

The leader must be quick to change from one instrument to another and
the players must be quick to follow him, for if they don’t, they have
to leave the orchestra until the piece is over.

WHO IS MY NEXT-DOOR NEIGHBOR?

Half of the company are blindfolded. They are led to a row of chairs
arranged in the middle of the room, each sitting so there is a vacant
chair behind him.

The other half, who are not blindfolded, very quietly take the vacant
chairs and sit perfectly still.

The leader then announces that those not blindfolded are to sing when
he gives the signal, and the blindfolded ones, who are to remain
still, must listen attentively to their right hand neighbor and guess
who he is.

Some familiar tunes must be chosen and the singers can disguise their
voices if they choose. The leader begins by playing the tune on the
piano and when he says “Sing,” the victim singers begin while the
blind victims listen.

One verse of the song will be enough for this medley and those whose
voices have been recognized, exchange places with the blindfolded
ones, while the others remain in the same place until the listener has
guessed who he is. The game then goes on as before.

FIRE.

Choose two leaders from among the players. Each leader chooses his
side. The sides sit opposite each other, the leader of one throws a
ball to any one in the opposite side. As he does he says either,
“Earth,” “Air,” “Water,” or “Fire,” and counts ten.

The person who caught the ball must answer before he finishes counting
ten. If “earth” was called he must name some quadruped found therein;
if “water,” some fish must be named, or “air,” the name of some bird;
but if “fire” was called he must remain perfectly still.

If the players give a wrong answer or speak when they should be silent
they are out, and the leader must throw the ball to some one else, but
if the players answer correctly, it is their turn to throw the ball to
someone in the opposite side, and the game goes on as before. The
side whose players stand up the longest, wins the game.

THE MONTHS.

The leader need be the only one who understands this game. He asks,
“What month are you going away in?” One player might answer
“September.” He then asks, “What will you wear?” “What will you take
with you?” and “What will you do?” All the answers must be given with
the initial letter of the month chosen. For instance, the answers to
the above questions may be: 1st, “Silk stockings,” 2d, “Sardine
sandwiches,” 3d, “See the sights.”

The answers will probably be mixed as the players do not know the
trick. Each one who misses pays a forfeit, and the leader questions
the next player. When one or two do catch on, the more ridiculous they
make their answers, the funnier the game.

BELL BUFF.

In this game all the players except one are blindfolded. This one is
called the guide and has a small bell which he rings during the game.

All the blind men are led to one end of the room by the guide. He then
takes his position a little distance from them and rings the bell,
which is the signal for the game to begin.

The blind men grope around wildly for their guide who rings the bell
all the time, but must move in different places, so as to escape the
blind men who are hunting him. The blind men are only guided by the
sound of the bell, and the guide must be very quick to change his
positions or he will be caught by his pursuers.

The first blind man who catches the guide, exchanges places with him,
and the game goes on as before.

POSTMAN.

The players sit in a circle; one is chosen for “postman,” is
blindfolded, and another is chosen for Postmaster.

The Postmaster gives each player the name of some city or town, and
stands outside the ring so he can give orders.

The “postman” stands inside the circle and when the Postmaster says,
“I have sent a letter from New York to San Francisco,” the players
having these names must exchange places, and he must try to capture
one. If he succeeds he takes that one’s place, the one caught then
becoming “postman.”

The Postmaster must exchange names very rapidly, and if a player
should remain seated when his city is called, he has to be “postman.”

If the Postmaster says, “general delivery,” all exchange places, and
the “postman” tries to secure a vacant place.

SPOONEY FUN.

All the players sit in a circle. One is chosen to be out. He is
blindfolded and given a spoon (a large one) with which he is to
feel. He stands in the middle of the circle, then is turned around
three times and told to guess who the first person, which he touches
with the spoon, is.

He advances cautiously until he touches someone. Then with the back of
the spoon he feels the person all over. The players must keep
perfectly quiet, disguising themselves if they see fit, as the collars
and cuffs of the men will be felt very easily with the spoon.

As soon as the blindfolded one has guessed who the player is he was
feeling, they exchange places and the game goes on as before, but if
he fails to guess the first time, or has felt with his hand instead of
the spoon he is out again and remains out, until he has guessed
correctly.

CITIES.

Provide all the guests with pencil and paper. The hostess then
requests that each write the name of the city in which he was born,
and under that a sentence, descriptive of that city or containing
something suggestive of it. The letters of the city form the words of
the sentence and must follow in regular order.

Allow fifteen minutes for composing the sentences, then collect them,
mix them up, and each player is given one. Thus each one has some
other person’s slip to read. The one who composed the best sentences
deserves a prize.

Examples–City, New York.

Sentence–N-ow, E-very, W-all St., Y-ankee, O-wns, R-eal, K-ingdoms.

City, Chicago.

Sentence–Conflagration, H-igh, I-n, C-rowded, A-reas, G-rew, O-n.

GOING TO CHINA.

This is a catch game for those who have never played it. The leader
begins by saying, “I’m going to sail for China next week, I would like
to have you go, what will you take?” This question is asked every
player and there are many different answers, but all cannot go, as
they have not answered correctly.

The point is, if you wish to go sailing, you must take something which
commences with the same letter as the initial of your last name. The
leader then says, “You can go.”

For example, suppose the player who is asked the question says she
will take bananas. If her last name begins with B she can go, but if
not, the leader says, “Lou cannot go this trip.”

The game continues until every one has guessed the trick and they can
all go.

A PENNY FOR YOUR THOUGHTS.

Provide each player with pencil and paper and a penny. The hostess
explains that the answers to the following questions are things which
are found on every penny.

The questions may either be written on the paper beforehand or the
guests can write them as the hostess asks them. A prize may be awarded
to the player whose paper contains the greatest number of correct
answers.

1. An emblem of victory, (laurel wreath).
2. An emblem of royalty, (crown).
3. A South American fruit, (date).
4. A spring flower, (tulips, two lips).
5. A portion of a hill, (brow).
6. A portion of a river, (mouth).
7. A messenger, (one cent, sent).
8. A piece of armor, (shield).
9. Mode of ancient punishment, (stripes).
10. Means of inflicting it, (lashes).
11. Something to be found in school, (pupil).
12. Three weapons, (3 arrows).
13. An animal, (hare, hair).
14. A part of a stove, (lid).
15. Plenty of assurance, (cheek).
16. The first American settler, (Indian).
17. Part of a duck, (feathers).
18. A place of worship, (temple).
19. Two sides of a vote, (eyes and nose, ayes and noes).
20. The cry of victory, (won, one).

MISQUOTED QUOTATIONS.

Choose very familiar quotations from Longfellow, Shakespeare,
Tennyson, or any well-known author or poet, and write them on slips of
paper.

Change some of the words of the original, or even a whole line, and
when each guest receives his slip he is requested to repeat the
quotation correctly.

For example–”To be, or not to be; that is the question,” may be
written, “To be, or not to be: that is the problem.”

LITERARY SALAD.

Salad leaves are prepared for this game by folding and twisting pieces
of green tissue paper until they look like lettuce leaves. Then paste
slips of white paper containing a quotation, on each leaf.

The participants of this salad are requested to guess the name of the
author of their quotation. This may be played very easily at a church
social where the leaves may contain Bible verses instead of
quotations, and the players are asked to tell just where their verses
are found, in what book and chapter.

BROKEN QUOTATIONS.

This is a good game to play at the beginning of a social gathering, as
the guests have to mingle together and thus become better acquainted,
and the stiffness of a formal gathering passes off.

The hostess has prepared familiar quotations which were written on
paper and then cut in two or three parts and pinned in different
places around the room.

The guests are requested to find as many quotations as they can during
a certain length of time.

As the parts are scattered all over the room, it isn’t as easy as it
sounds to find the complete quotations. The person gathering the most
quotations, deserves a prize.

PARCEL DELIVERY.

Packages of all shapes and sizes and securely wrapped up are prepared
by the hostess who has numbered each one. The players are provided
with pencil and slips of paper with numbers corresponding to the
numbers on the parcels, arranged down one side.

The guests sit in a circle and the packages are passed from one to the
other. Each one is allowed to feel the packages as much as he pleases,
but no one must look inside.

As the packages are passed, the names, guessed by the sense of touch,
are written opposite their appropriate numbers on the slips of paper.

After all the bundles have been passed, the hostess opens each one and
keeps account of those who have guessed correctly, while those who
have failed, are requested to read their guesses as this affords much
amusement.

WHO ARE THEY?

Photographs of noted people, labelled with names that do not belong to
them, are hung about the room. Each picture is numbered.

The guests, provided with pencil and paper, are given a certain length
of time in which to guess the correct names, which are written
opposite their corresponding numbers.

Familiar photographs such as Dickens, Shakespeare, Washington,
Lincoln, Napoleon, etc., should be chosen.

SWAPS.

The guests are requested to bring something wrapped up in paper, which
they wish to get rid of.

The hostess prepares a duplicate set of numbers, pinning one number on
each parcel, as the guests pass by her. When she gives a signal
(clapping hands or ringing a bell), the two persons having No. 1
pinned on their packages exchange them, those having No. 2, and so on,
until all have exchanged or swapped. Then all open their packages,
some may have received better things, while others may have a worse
swap.

TALKING SHOP.

Partners may be chosen for this game by writing names referring to
ladies on one set of papers like, “Judy,” “Jill,” “Juliet,” and names
referring to men on another set of papers like, “Punch,” “Jack,”
“Romeo.” Hand each guest a slip of paper with the name on it and each
one hunts for his partner.

When all the partners are found, the leader announces that at a given
signal all the ladies are to talk to their partners for five minutes
about household affairs, shopping, or fashions. Each man listens
attentively to his partner, and when the five minutes are up, he has
to write a short account of her conversation, on paper, which the
hostess provides. Five minutes is allowed for this.

Then the men talk to the ladies for five minutes about business
affairs, stocks, law, building or medicine, and it is the ladies’ turn
to write a short composition of what she heard.

The papers are collected, the hostess reads them, and a prize is
awarded to the best or most amusing account.

SIGHT UNSEEN.

Partners may be chosen in any way for this game. The host gives each
pair a sheet of paper and pencil. The partners decide among themselves
which one is the best artist, he or she (as the case may be) takes the
pencil and paper, while the other receives some common object from the
host.

The chairs must be arranged side by side, but facing in opposite
directions, so the one who is to draw may not see the object his
partner has. When the signal is given to begin, the one having the
object describes it to his partner, who must draw it, from the
description given.

After twenty minutes have passed, the drawings and their objects are
collected, arranged side by side, and it is decided by vote which
drawing is most like the object it represents.

A STUDY IN ZOOLOGY.

It will be necessary to have several sheets of silhouette paper (black
on one side and white on the other), a large sheet of white cardboard,
several pairs of scissors, and as many pencils as there are players,
for this game.

Each player is handed a piece of silhouette paper, on the white side
of which is written a number and the name of some animal. The players
are handed pencils and requested to draw the animal, assigned to each,
on the white side of the paper. The animals are then cut out and
handed to the hostess. Fifteen minutes are allowed for this.

The hostess, having collected all the animals, pastes them back side
out, on the sheet of cardboard, and writes a number corresponding to
the one already on the animal, underneath each. The cardboard sheet is
hung up where all can see and the players are handed pieces of paper
with numbers arranged down one side, on which each player is to write
opposite its corresponding number what each animal is supposed to
represent.

A prize may be given to the one guessing the greatest number of
animals correctly.

AUCTION SALE

Provide twenty or more bundles, all shapes and sizes, securely
wrapped. Each bundle has a name on it suggestive of what is
inside. For instance, “A pair of kids,” may contain two kid hair
curlers, “A bunch of dates,” may be a calendar; “A diamond pin,” a
dime and a pin.

Each guest is given a bag containing fifty beans, no one can bid
higher than fifty.

The auctioneer, who must be a witty person, who can carry on a lively
bidding, stands by a table where the parcels are piled and carries on
the sale until all the parcels are sold. The bundles are then opened
by the purchasers and there is much merriment over the contents.

THE GENTEEL LADY.

The players sit in a circle. The leader begins by saying, “I, a
genteel lady (or gentleman, as the case may be) always genteel, come
to you, a genteel lady (or gentleman) always genteel (bows to the
player on the right), from yonder genteel lady (or gentleman) always
genteel (bows to player on left), to tell you that she has an eagle.”

The next player repeats that word for word and adds something about
the eagle, for instance, the last part may be, “to tell you that she
has an eagle with silver beak.” The next player may add, “golden
claws,” the next “emerald eyes,” the next “purple feathers,” and so
on.

The players who repeat every word correctly, adding their description
of the eagle, remain “genteel,” but those who make a mistake become
“horned” instead of “genteel.”

The leader has charge of the “horns” which may be toothpicks or pieces
of paper twisted up tight. For every mistake a “horn” is tucked in the
player’s hair. Each player repeats what the leader has said, but if
the player next to him is “horned,” he must substitute “horned” for
“genteel” when referring to him.

When each one has repeated this tale, the players who have “horns,”
and there will be many, must pay a forefeit for every “horn” they
have.

RHYMES.

Provide each player with slips of paper and pencil. The hostess then
announces that each one is to write some question at the top of the
paper, fold the paper over and pass it to the player at the left, who
writes a noun, folds the paper over and passes it to the left again.

The players who then receive the slips are requested to write one or
more stanzas of poetry containing the noun and question written at the
top of the paper.

Allow fifteen minutes for this, then pass the papers to the left and
they are then read in turn. A prize may be given to the one who wrote
the best poetry.

Examples–

Question–Where did you get that hat?

Noun–Fair.

“Where did you get that hat?”
Said Shortie to Mr. Fat,
“I stole it from the Fair,
When I was leaving there.”

Question–Can you dance?

Noun–Day.

“May-day! let us away!
Can you dance?
Here’s your chance,
On this lovely May-day.”

ART GALLERY.

Select copies of famous paintings, those familiar to every one, and
hang them around the room.

Neither the name of the painting nor of the artist must be on it, only
a number on each picture.

Provide the guests with pencil and paper and allow a certain length of
time, according to the number of pictures, for guessing the names and
artists.

HUNTING FOR BOOK-TITLES.

The hostess must prepare beforehand pictures, cut from magazine
advertisements and miscellaneous articles, suggestive of the titles of
books.

These are arranged around the room, some on tables, some on the wall,
and in any place, so all the guests can see them. All the articles are
numbered.

The guests are handed pencil and paper and the hostess announces that
all the articles represent the title of some book and when guessed the
names are to be written opposite their corresponding numbers. Allow
half an hour for the hunt, and when the time is up the hostess reads
the correct list and the player who has guessed the largest number
correctly, deserves a prize.

Examples–A large bow of orange ribbon pinned on a curtain,
immediately suggests “A Bow of Orange Ribbon,” by Amelia Barr.

A picture of several boys suggests “Little Men,” by Louisa M. Alcott.

A picture of Gen. Grant cut in half suggests “Half a Hero.”

PART III.

GAMES FOR SPECIAL DAYS.

JACK FROST.

Around Christmas and New Year’s the children will enjoy playing
this. All form a circle; one, Jack Frost, stands in the middle.

Jack Frost runs around inside the circle and touches one child on her
right hand, and goes back to his place again. The child touched says:
“Jack Frost came this way,” the child to her left says: “What did he
do?” No. 1 says: “He nipped my right hand,” (shaking her right
hand). No. 2 tells No. 3 about Jack Frost, each doing as No. 1 did,
and thus it goes down the circle, until back to No. 1 again.

Jack Frost then steps out and bites her left hand, and now both hands
are shaking; thus each time Jack Frost nips some part, that is shaking
with the rest, until the children are hopping up and down, and shaking
all over.

MAGIC CANDLES.

Arrange twelve candles, one for each month, in a row about two feet
apart. Have the candles different colors suggestive of the months they
represent, such as, green for March and red for December.

The children form in line and one at a time jump over the candles,
which are lighted.

If a light goes out the child who has just jumped will have bad luck
in that month which the candle represents.

THE LUCKY OR UNLUCKY SLIPPER.

A slipper is waved three times over the head and then thrown on the
floor.

If the toe be toward the player, good luck is coming. If the heel, bad
luck is in store, and if it rests on its side, there is hope for
something better.

CAKES.

On the sixth of January, Twelfth Night was celebrated in the olden
times. Then all the pastry cooks did their finest baking and decked
their windows with marvelous productions of cakes.

If a party is being planned for this day invite your guests to come
dressed as cakes. Just the ladies will do this and the men can wear
miniature cooking utensils if they choose.

Give each lady a number and each man a pencil and slip of paper. The
men must guess what cakes the ladies represent and write their answers
with the corresponding numbers on the paper.

When all the cakes have been guessed the correct list is read by the
hostess and the one having the largest number of correct answers may
be awarded a prize.

A prize may also be awarded to the lady attired in the best
representation. One dressed in dark brown would suggest “chocolate
cake”; another in orange-colored cheesecloth, “orange cake”; another
with wreaths of raisins, currants and citron, suggest “fruit cake”;
while one in just a plain dress with no signs suggestive of any cake
may be “lady cake”; another carrying a hammer and pounding it whenever
she saw fit, suggests “pound cake.”

VALENTINES.

When inviting the guests for a valentine party, request each one to
bring an original valentine addressed to one of the guests. As the
guests arrive, the hostess collects the valentines, being careful to
keep those addressed to ladies in one pile, and those addressed to
gentlemen in another.

The hostess then hands each one a valentine, giving the gentlemen
those addressed to the ladies and the ladies those for the gentlemen.
The valentines are then read aloud and a jolly time will be the
result.

A prize may be awarded for the best valentine, the brightest and most
witty.

INITIAL COMPLIMENTS.

Each gentleman is handed a slip of paper with the name of a lady guest
on it. The gentlemen are then requested, one at a time, to go to their
respective ladies, giving each a compliment, every word of which
begins with the initial letter of the lady’s first name.

As each lady is addressed by a gentleman, she replies, using the
initial letter of his name in her answer.

Votes are taken as to the best compliment and answer and a simple
prize may be awarded the pair who obtained the most votes.

HEART HUNT.

Cut out of red, white, blue, yellow and green paper hearts of all
shapes and sizes, then cut each heart into four pieces and scatter
these all over the room, on the floor, chairs, tables, behind
pictures, etc.

Allow a certain length of time for the hunt, and when all the pieces
have been collected, request each guest to put his pieces together and
see how many whole hearts of the same color he has collected.

The white heart counts 1; the blue, 2; the yellow, 3; the green, 4;
and the red, 5. The one scoring the greatest number of points is the
winner of hearts and deserves a prize. A booby prize may be awarded
the one who has only broken hearts.

HEART PRICKS.

A large heart made of some red material, (flannel or cheesecloth) is
pinned securely to a sheet, which may be stretched on the wall or
door. In the center of the large red heart is a small white heart,
either sewed or pinned on.

Each guest is given an arrow of white cloth with a pin in one
end. When everything is ready the hostess blindfolds the guests one at
a time, and standing a certain distance from the heart, starts them in
the right direction.

Each one endeavors to pin his arrow on the heart; the one pinning it
nearest to the middle of the white heart wins the game.

VALENTINE PUZZLE.

Select five good paper valentines. Paste each on a piece of cardboard
and cut into small pieces. Have five small tables in the room and
place a puzzle on each. If the company is small, assign five persons
to a table, if larger, use your own judgment.

Each one at the table takes his turn, trying to put the valentine
together in its proper shape. Each player is timed, and the one who
succeeds in putting it together in the shortest time is the winner.

If desired, the players can go from one table to the other; the one
who succeeds in putting the most puzzles together out of the five, is
the winner.

HEARTS AND MITTENS.

Cut out of red cardboard half as many hearts and mittens as you expect
in your company. Out of blue cardboard cut hearts and mittens for the
rest of the company. Number them so every heart has its corresponding
mitten. Attach strings or ribbons to each and place them in a basket.

Each guest takes the end of a string and pulls out his heart or
mitten, as the case may be. Each one then hunts for his partner.

When all are paired off, a circle is formed and someone strikes up a
lively march. Whenever the music stops, all the ladies stand still,
and the gentlemen move up one. This goes on until everyone has had a
different partner, and finally, when the original one comes, there is
a grand march before the circle breaks up.

RIVEN HEARTS.

Another way of securing partners for the evening is as follows:
Suspend two large hearts made of either white or red paper from the
ceiling, several feet apart. Make a hole in each, through which are
hung the ends of long strings. The ladies hold the strings on one side
and the gentlemen on the other.

When the hostess gives a signal, all pull on their strings. Thus the
hearts are riven and partners are found holding the ends of the same
string.

PROPOSALS.

As the guests assemble for the Valentine party, give each gentleman a
slip of paper bearing the name of a woman, and the ladies, the name of
some man, noted in fiction as lovers. Thus the one who has Romeo
hunts for the lady who has Juliet on her paper.

When all know who their partners are, the ladies must evade every
attempt on the part of the gentlemen of proposing to them during the
evening.

A prize is given to the gentleman who has succeeded in proposing, and
to the girl who has alluded all efforts of her partner by her wit and
ingenuity.

Another way is to have the proposals progressive. Every gentleman
must propose to every lady before the evening is over. The ladies use
every effort they can to prevent them from “coming to the point.” The
man making the most offers receives the prize. The lady receiving the
fewest declarations receives a prize.

WASHINGTON’S BIRTHDAY.

For a party on this day, the room should be decorated with flags,
hatchets, etc., and red, white, and blue bunting, so as to add a
patriotic air to everything.

A picture of Washington may be cut in many pieces for a puzzle. The
one who succeeds in putting the picture together in the shortest time
receives a prize, which may be a large picture of Washington.

A cherry tree may be represented by using a branch of any tree and
decorating it with small candy cherries. If these cannot be obtained,
any kind of candy may be wrapped in red tissue paper and tied to the
branch. The players are blindfolded one at a time, given a pair of
scissors, and requested to “cut off a cherry.”

To add to the fun small paper hatchets may be hidden around the room
for the players to find, as in a peanut hunt.

The head of a hatchet may be drawn on a sheet which is tacked to the
wall, and the players are given cloth handles which they are to pin to
the sheet while blindfolded. The one who succeeds in pinning his
handle nearest to the proper place may be awarded a prize.

APRIL FIRST.

For an April Fool’s Day gathering, ask each guest to come prepared to
do some sleight of hand trick. When all are assembled, each one in
turn performs his trick. A vote is taken for the most clever and a
prize is awarded.

Each one present endeavors to fool someone else during the
evening. The one who has not been fooled once during the whole evening
receives a prize; the one who is fooled the most times is given a
prize, too.

EASTER EGG RACE.

Color an even number of eggs, half the number one color, the other
half, another. Place all the eggs of one color on the floor in a line
at intervals of one foot. At the end of the line put a basket. Form a
similar line, a little distance from the other, of the remaining eggs.
For convenience, we will say one line is of green eggs, the other of
pink.

Choose two players as leaders, who select their sides. One side
chooses the green row, and the other, the pink. Two, one player from
each side, play at a time.

When all is ready the two leaders stand by their respective rows, each
is given a large spoon, and when told to “go,” each one spoons up the
eggs, one at a time, and carries them to the basket at the end of the
line. The one who succeeds in spooning up all his eggs first wins for
his side.

Thus each player in turn works for his side until all have had a
chance and the side whose players were the most successful is the
winning side.

SUSPENDED EGGS.

After an egg hunt, several eggs may be gathered together and a string
or ribbon run through each and hung in different lengths from a
chandelier. Candy eggs and little baskets of eggs may be suspended,
too. Place a tablecloth or sheet underneath to prevent the carpet from
being spoiled by the downfall.

Each child in turn is blindfolded and given a cane with which to
strike the suspended eggs. Whatever is knocked down is his. If he
fails to knock something down the first time, he may have another
turn.

EGG RACE.

Give each child a tablespoon and a hard-boiled egg. The children form
in line and one is the leader. Each one holds the spoon with the egg
in its bowl at arm’s length and hops on one foot, following wherever
the leader leads them.

The leader may take them up stairs, over stools, and any place hard to
reach on one foot. To drop the egg or rest on both feet prevents one
from continuing in the game. She must stay out until the next time
round.

ROLLING EGGS.

Mark on the table, or on the floor, if preferred, with chalk, four
parallel lines, eight or ten feet long, and four or five inches apart.
Thus there are three narrow spaces. At the end of each space make a
circle, numbering the middle one 10, and the other two, 5. The middle
space is marked 3, and the other two, 1.

The object of the game is to have each child roll five eggs, one at a
time, down the middle space to the circles at the ends. If the egg
goes into the middle circle, it counts 10, but if it stops in the
middle space, it counts only 3, and so on, counting the number of the
place where it stops.

Tally is kept for each child, the one scoring the most points wins the
game.

BUNNY’S EGG.

On a sheet draw a rough-sketch of a good-sized rabbit, the regular
Easter bunny, standing on its hind legs, and holding its paws as if it
were carrying an egg.

Stretch the sheet on the wall and tack it firmly in place. Cut eggs
out of different colored cloth to represent Easter eggs. The eggs
should be as large as the space between the rabbit’s paws. In each egg
stick a pin.

Blindfold the children in turn and give each an egg, which is to be
pinned on the sheet, and right in “Bunny’s” arms, if possible.

As the children take their turn, no matter how straight on the way
they were started, “Bunny” will be surrounded with eggs, until some
child pins the egg in his arms. This child deserves a prize.

JULY FOURTH.

Aside from the enjoyment of firecrackers, etc., there are a few games
to amuse the children on this day. If a party has been planned for the
Fourth, the rooms should be appropriately decorated for the occasion.

As soon as all the children arrive choose two leaders, who in turn
select sides. A line is marked on the floor and the sides stand on
each side of this boundary line. A few feet from the line on each side
is placed an American flag. Any flag can be made to stand up by
placing the end of the stick securely in the hole of an empty
spool. Each leader guards his own flag.

The children endeavor to secure their opponents’ flag. If a leader
tags anyone who crosses the boundary and comes too near the flag, that
child is out of the game. However, if one does succeed in capturing
the other’s flag, and carries it over the boundary into his side, that
side is victorious.

FLAGS OF ALL NATIONS.

Flags of all nations are collected and displayed around the room. Each
one is numbered. The guests are given pencil and paper with numbers
down the left hand side.

Opposite each number the guest writes the names of the country which
the flag bearing the corresponding number stands for. Allow a certain
length of time for guessing, then collect the papers, read the correct
list, and correct the papers. Prizes may be awarded, but the
satisfaction of having guessed the most seems to be enough reward.

OUR FLAG.

Other games for the Fourth are as follows: Each child is given a piece
of white paper or cardboard 6-1/2 by 3-1/2 inches in size. All sit
around a table on which are red and blue paper and a pile of stars by
each one’s place. Scissors and a bottle of mucilage are handy. The
children are given a certain length of time in which to make their
flags, putting the blue field and stars and stripes correctly on their
pieces of cardboard. The one who completes his flag first deserves a
prize.

Suspend a bell in a doorway low enough for the children to reach. The
children stand about ten feet away and each in turn throws a beanbag,
endeavoring to make the “liberty bell,” as it is called, ring. Those
who succeed in making it ring receive little bells as a reward.

The contents of several boxes of torpedoes may be emptied and hidden
around the room. The children hunt for them, and have a jolly time
shooting them off after the hunt is over.

HALLOWE’EN.

A Hallowe’en party is probably the only gathering where the stiffness
and formality entirely disappear. Every one is in for a good time, and
should be dressed in old clothes ready to try all sorts of
experiments.

Decorate the room appropriately with pumpkin jack-o’-lanterns, greens,
weird lights, and strings of peppers, if possible. Mirrors should be
in profusion. Effective lights may be made from cucumbers by scraping
out the inside and cutting holes in the rind for eyes and nose, and
placing a candle in each.

Persons dressed as ghosts may receive the guests and usher them into
the room where the fun is to be. As soon as a person enters, the
hostess, who is not a ghost, blindfolds the victim, and those already
in the room take turns shaking hands with him. He has to guess who
each person is. It is marvellous how many mistakes will be made, even
if the guests are the best of friends.

HALLOWE’EN STORIES.

There are several ways of telling ghastly stories on Hallowe’en. Have
a large ball of different colored yarn handy and before the midnight
hour, turn out the lights, and ask all the players to sit in a
circle. The hostess, holding the ball of yarn, begins by telling some
weird story, unwinding the yarn as she proceeds, until she comes to a
different color, and then she tosses the ball to someone in the
circle, and that one must proceed with the story until she comes to a
different color. It is then tossed to another, and so on, until the
ball is unwound and the story ended.

Another way, more ghastly still, is to give each guest a saucer in
which is a handful of salt and some alcohol. Each one in turn lights
the contents of the saucer and tells some ghost story, continuing
until all the alcohol is burned, and no longer. The stories may be
lively or sad.

HALLOWE’EN FATES.

For obtaining partners, fill a pumpkin rind with nuts, which have been
opened, had the meat taken out, some token of the fate placed inside,
and glued together again with a ribbon attached to each. Those drawing
nuts having the same colored ribbon are partners. The one whose nut
has a ring in, is to be married next; if a coin, he is to be the most
wealthy; if a thimble, a spinster all her life. The other nuts may
have slips of paper with prophecies written on them.

A bag filled with nuts may be tied up tightly and hung in a
doorway. One of the players is blindfolded and given a stick with
which he is to hit the bag as hard as he can, thus breaking it, and
scattering the nuts on the floor. The one who succeeds in gathering
the greatest number of nuts will be the luckiest during the year.

Fill two large pans with sawdust. Bury in one pan pieces of paper
bearing a rhyme about one’s future, these can be about the ladies for
the men to draw, and in the other pan verses for the ladies to
draw. The papers are folded up tightly. The ladies and gentlemen take
turns putting in their thumbs. As soon as a verse is found it is read
aloud.

Example for the men to draw:

“Medium height, eyes of blue,
Charming girl is awaiting you.”

For the ladies:

“Tall and slight, with red hair,
Fond of walking and fresh air.”

SOME MORE FATES.

In addition to the regulation “bobbing for apples,” “floating
needles,” and throwing the apple peel over the head, there are many
other amusements of prophecy.

In a doorway a portière of apples may be hung. Apples are strung on
strings of various lengths. The tallest guests endeavor to bite those
swinging on the longest strings stooping in the attempt, while the
shorter ones reach for those above. The one who succeeds in eating the
whole of his apple just by biting it, will never want for anything.

A horseshoe is hung in a doorway. Each guest is given three small
apples. Each in turn tries to throw the apples, one at a time, through
the horseshoe. If he succeeds in sending all three through, he will
always be lucky during the coming year.

From the ceiling suspend a large pumpkin, on whose rind all the
letters of the alphabet have been burned or painted. Twirl this
quickly and each guest in turn tries to stab some letter with a
hatpin. The letter which is pierced is the initial letter of one’s
fate.

Another,–swing a wedding ring over a goblet and repeat the alphabet
slowly, the letter said as the ring touches the glass is the initial
of the future wife or husband, as the case may be.

This same ring may be suspended from the ceiling, at a convenient
distance from the floor. Whoever succeeds in running a pencil through
it while walking towards it, without stopping, is the next to be
married.

WATER CHARM.

Place three bowls on a table, one containing clear water, another
soapy or muddy water, and the third one empty.

Blindfold the players one at a time, and lead them to the bowls,
(whose positions are changed each time) to put their fingers in one of
them.

If a player touches the clear water, he will be happily married; if
the soapy water, he will marry a widow; and if he puts his finger in
the empty bowl, he will never marry.

For knowing the occupation of the future one, there are several
ways. Articles suggestive of different trades may be buried in flour,
and the players in turn take a spoonful out of the dish and see what
they can find. If not successful the first time, they may have a
second trial.

Another way is to melt lead and then drop in into cold water, and the
form it takes will suggest the trade of the future husband. Sometimes
the forms are intricate, but if they suggest any trade, that is the
real one. If it flattens out and looks like a book, an author will be
the fate; if in tiny pieces, like particles of dirt, a farmer will be
suggested, and so on.

OVER THE CIDER MUGS.

By each place at the table place a mug of sweet cider, a small bunch
of matches, two candles, and a slip of paper with a pencil.

Before the refreshments are served, when all are seated, the hostess
announces that as she counts twenty-five slowly, each guest is to
write a wish on the paper, light a candle, burn the paper in the
light, letting the ashes fall into the cider, and drink the contents
of the mug, ashes and all. All who succeed in doing this before
twenty-five is counted, will have their wishes granted.

Later, ask each guest to light both candles, naming each after a
sweetheart, and allow them to burn as long as they will. The candle
which burns longest shows which one will prove most faithful.

SHIPS OF FATE.

Prepare as many half shells of walnuts as there are guests. In each
fasten a small candle with a drop of the wax.

Fill a tub with water, and before sailing the boats, the water should
be agitated so as to have it wavy. Two at a time may sail their boats,
lighting the candles as they are launched. The life of the owner is
prophesied by the seaworthy qualities of his ship.

If the storm overcomes the ship, the one whose it is, will be wrecked
by adversity. The ship sailing across the tub signifies a long sea
voyage, while those remaining by the side show that the person loves
home better.

If the two ships stay together throughout the trip, the couple owning
them will have a happy marriage. If they bump together, that signifies
a quarrel, and if they sail in opposite directions, each person will
lead a single life.

CAKE WITH CANDLES.

A large cake with as many different colored candles on it as there are
guests, is passed around, and each one takes a piece of it, with the
candle too, choosing whatever color they wish.

As the cake passes from one to the other, the hostess reads the
following prophecies, having prepared them beforehand to suit the
company:

“Bright and cheery, candle red,
The year is here in which you wed.”

“If your candle green should be,
You will find your love at sea.”

“Lonely, hopeless, spinster she,
If white candle hers should be.”

“Happy he with candle blue,
Thy sweetheart is ever true.”

“She who holds a candle yellow,
Marries now a jealous fellow.”

HUNT THE SQUIRREL.

To amuse the children after the Thanksgiving dinner, ask them all to
join hands and form a ring. One is chosen out and is given a nut which
he is to drop behind some child. As he walks around the outside of the
ring he says:

“Hunt the squirrel in the woods,
I lost him, I found him.
Hunt the squirrel in the woods,
I lost him, I found him.
I won’t catch you, and I won’t catch you,
But I will catch you.”

As he says the last line, he drops the nut behind some child. That one
must pick it up, and run around the circle, trying to reach his place
before the other one gets there. If he fails, he is out and the game
continues as before.

CHRISTMAS TREE.

A novel amusement for children at Christmas time is to trim a
Christmas tree when blindfolded. Stand a small tree at one end of the
room, ready to be trimmed. Have all the ornaments on a table near at
hand, ready to be put on the tree.

Blindfold the children one at a time, lead them to the table to take
their pick. The first thing touched must be taken, and after turning
the child around three times start him straight toward the tree.

When he reaches the tree, he must wire the ornament, or whatever he
had, in place. Some older person can be ready to turn the tree around,
as it will be trimmed only on one side, if not. The children can have
as may turns as they wish until the tree is trimmed.

CHRISTMAS GUESSES.

Suspend a large bunch of mistletoe from one of the chandeliers. The
children, one at a time, stand under the mistletoe, and guess how many
berries there are on it. The berries are counted when all have
guessed. The one coming the nearest receives a prize.

While watching the Christmas tree, after the presents have been
distributed, some one says, “I see something on the Christmas tree
which commences with T. What is it?” Many guesses are given, the one
who says “Tinsel,” has guessed correctly, and it is his turn to give a
guess, which may commence with P and C. Pop-corn is easily guessed,
and so on, until everything has been guessed.

CHRISTMAS WREATH.

Suspend a large Christmas wreath in a doorway at a convenient height
from the floor. Prepare in advance “snowballs,” made of cotton batting
covered with white tissue paper.

The players stand about eight feet from the wreath, and take turns,
one at a time. Each is given three “snowballs,” and the one who
succeeds in throwing all three, one at a time, through the wreath, is
given the prize.

To make it more exciting, sides may be chosen, and each one of the
three snowballs numbered, one being 5, the other, 10, and the third,
20. If the ball numbered 5 goes through, it counts 5 for that player’s
side. If it does not go through, it is a loss, and so on. The side
scoring the most points is victorious.

CHRISTMAS CANDLES.

A small tree is placed on a table. The candles are lighted. Blindfold
the players, one at a time, turn around three times, and allow each to
take five steps toward the tree. Then he must blow as hard as he can,
endeavoring to blow out all the lights, if possible. The one who
succeeds in extinguishing the most receives a prize.

Another amusement is playing “The night before Christmas” like
“Stagecoach.” Give each child the name of some part of Santa Claus’
outfit, the sleigh, the reindeer, etc. The hostess then reads the
well-known story, “The Night Before Christmas.” As she mentions the
names, the players having them, rise, turn around, and sit down
again. When she mentions Santa Claus, all change places, and she tries
to secure a seat. The one left out continues the story, and so on,
until completed.

A GAME WITHIN A GAME.

While the children are waiting on Christmas for their presents, or
dinner, or whenever the time seems to drag, suggest that each one
think up the best game he knows.

Give each child a pencil and a card on which the game and the name of
the child who thought of it are written. Each one in turn tells his
game and all the children play it. When all have had a turn, and each
game has been played, the children look over their lists and choose
the game they liked best. The originator of the most popular one
receives a prize.

TOSS THE GOODIES.

The children form a square, each one holding the sides of an old
tablecloth or piece of sheeting. In the center of this is placed a
pile of nuts, candies, raisins, fruits, and all sorts of goodies. When
a signal is given, the children all together toss the cloth up and
down, singing:

“Toss the goodies up and down,
Up and down, up and down,
Toss the goodies up and down,
Goodies for you and me.”

When the last line is sung, an extra large toss is made and thus all
the goodies fly to all parts of the room. The children then all
scramble around picking them up and having a jolly time.

SNOWBALLS.

A pretty idea for concealing Christmas presents for the children is to
make a lot of snowballs out of white tissue paper and cotton batting,
and concerting the gifts inside.

Pile all these snowballs under the tree, and when the time comes for
distributing them, the mother, or some older person tosses them, one
at a time, to the children, who are standing at distance eagerly
waiting for them.

As the children catch them they step out of line to leave room for
others until all have received one. Then all the balls are opened and
the presents disclosed.

DECKING SANTA CLAUS.

Santa, who has been invited to the party, after being introduced to
all the children, sits at the end of the room.

The children are blindfolded one at a time, and after being turned
around three or four times, are told to walk up to him, and place on
his head their own caps, which they had received in bonbons just
before.

The child who succeeds in decking Santa Claus with his own cap may
receive a little prize.

END

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and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team.

———————
|9 | 10|
| | |
| —–x—— |
| |11 | 12| |
| | | | |
|—y—–m——y’—|
| | | | |
| |13 | 14| |
| —–x’—– |
| | |
|15 | 16|
———————

COLOURS FOR ————-
COUNTERS |5 | 6|
___ | x |
| | |
See the Sun is overhead, |–y——-y’-|
Shining on us, FULL and | | |
RED! | x’ |
|7 | 8|
Now the Sun is gone away, ————-
And the EMPTY sky is
GREY!
___

THE GAME OF LOGIC

By Lewis Carrol

To my Child-friend.

I charm in vain; for never again,
All keenly as my glance I bend,
Will Memory, goddess coy,
Embody for my joy
Departed days, nor let me gaze
On thee, my fairy friend!

Yet could thy face, in mystic grace,
A moment smile on me, ‘twould send
Far-darting rays of light
From Heaven athwart the night,
By which to read in very deed
Thy spirit, sweetest friend!

So may the stream of Life’s long dream
Flow gently onward to its end,
With many a floweret gay,
Adown its willowy way:
May no sigh vex, no care perplex,
My loving little friend!

NOTA BENE.

With each copy of this Book is given an Envelope, containing a
Diagram (similar to the frontispiece) on card, and nine Counters,
four red and five grey.

The Envelope, &c. can be had separately, at 3d. each.

The Author will be very grateful for suggestions, especially from
beginners in Logic, of any alterations, or further explanations,
that may seem desirable. Letters should be addressed to him at
“29, Bedford Street, Covent Garden, London.”

PREFACE

“There foam’d rebellious Logic, gagg’d and bound.”

This Game requires nine Counters–four of one colour and five of
another: say four red and five grey.

Besides the nine Counters, it also requires one Player, AT LEAST.
I am not aware of any Game that can be played with LESS than this
number: while there are several that require MORE: take Cricket,
for instance, which requires twenty-two. How much easier it is,
when you want to play a Game, to find ONE Player than twenty-two.
At the same time, though one Player is enough, a good deal more
amusement may be got by two working at it together, and correcting
each other’s mistakes.

A second advantage, possessed by this Game, is that, besides being
an endless source of amusement (the number of arguments, that may
be worked by it, being infinite), it will give the Players a little
instruction as well. But is there any great harm in THAT, so long
as you get plenty of amusement?

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER PAGE

I. NEW LAMPS FOR OLD.
1. Propositions . . . . . . . 1
2. Syllogisms . . . . . . . . 20
3. Fallacies . . . . . . . . 32

II. CROSS QUESTIONS.
1. Elementary . . . . . . . . 37
2. Half of Smaller Diagram. Propositions
to be represented . . . . . 40
3. Do. Symbols to be interpreted. . 42
4. Smaller Diagram. Propositions to be
represented . . . . . . . 44
5. Do. Symbols to be interpreted. . 46
6. Larger Diagram. Propositions to be
represented . . . . . . . 48
7. Both Diagrams to be employed . . 51

III. CROOKED ANSWERS.
1. Elementary . . . . . . . . 55
2. Half of Smaller Diagram. Propositions
represented . . . . . . . 59
3. Do. Symbols interpreted . . . 61
4. Smaller Diagram. Propositions represented. 62
5. Do. Symbols interpreted . . . 65
6. Larger Diagram. Propositions represented. 67
7. Both Diagrams employed . . . . 72

IV. HIT OR MISS . . . . . . . . . 85

CHAPTER I.

NEW LAMPS FOR OLD.

“Light come, light go.”
_________

1. Propositions.

“Some new Cakes are nice.”
“No new Cakes are nice.”
“All new cakes are nice.”

There are three ‘PROPOSITIONS’ for you–the only three kinds we
are going to use in this Game: and the first thing to be done is
to learn how to express them on the Board.

Let us begin with

“Some new Cakes are nice.”

But before doing so, a remark has to be made–one that is rather
important, and by no means easy to understand all in a moment: so
please to read this VERY carefully.

The world contains many THINGS (such as “Buns”, “Babies”, “Beetles”.
“Battledores”. &c.); and these Things possess many ATTRIBUTES
(such as “baked”, “beautiful”, “black”, “broken”, &c.: in fact,
whatever can be “attributed to”, that is “said to belong to”, any
Thing, is an Attribute). Whenever we wish to mention a Thing, we
use a SUBSTANTIVE: when we wish to mention an Attribute, we use
an ADJECTIVE. People have asked the question “Can a Thing exist
without any Attributes belonging to it?” It is a very puzzling
question, and I’m not going to try to answer it: let us turn up
our noses, and treat it with contemptuous silence, as if it really
wasn’t worth noticing. But, if they put it the other way, and ask
“Can an Attribute exist without any Thing for it to belong to?”, we
may say at once “No: no more than a Baby could go a railway-journey
with no one to take care of it!” You never saw “beautiful” floating
about in the air, or littered about on the floor, without any Thing
to BE beautiful, now did you?

And now what am I driving at, in all this long rigmarole? It is
this. You may put “is” or “are” between names of two THINGS (for
example, “some Pigs are fat Animals”), or between the names of two
ATTRIBUTES (for example, “pink is light-red”), and in each case it
will make good sense. But, if you put “is” or “are” between the
name of a THING and the name of an ATTRIBUTE (for example, “some
Pigs are pink”), you do NOT make good sense (for how can a Thing
BE an Attribute?) unless you have an understanding with the person
to whom you are speaking. And the simplest understanding would, I
think, be this–that the Substantive shall be supposed to be repeated
at the end of the sentence, so that the sentence, if written out
in full, would be “some Pigs are pink (Pigs)”. And now the word
“are” makes quite good sense.

Thus, in order to make good sense of the Proposition “some new Cakes
are nice”, we must suppose it to be written out in full, in the
form “some new Cakes are nice (Cakes)”. Now this contains two
‘TERMS’–”new Cakes” being one of them, and “nice (Cakes)” the
other. “New Cakes,” being the one we are talking about, is called
the ‘SUBJECT’ of the Proposition, and “nice (Cakes)” the ‘PREDICATE’.
Also this Proposition is said to be a ‘PARTICULAR’ one, since it
does not speak of the WHOLE of its Subject, but only of a PART of
it. The other two kinds are said to be ‘UNIVERSAL’, because they
speak of the WHOLE of their Subjects–the one denying niceness, and
the other asserting it, of the WHOLE class of “new Cakes”. Lastly,
if you would like to have a definition of the word ‘PROPOSITION’
itself, you may take this:–”a sentence stating that some, or
none, or all, of the Things belonging to a certain class, called
its ‘Subject’, are also Things belonging to a certain other class,
called its ‘Predicate’”.

You will find these seven words–PROPOSITION, ATTRIBUTE, TERM,
SUBJECT, PREDICATE, PARTICULAR, UNIVERSAL–charmingly useful, if
any friend should happen to ask if you have ever studied Logic.
Mind you bring all seven words into your answer, and you friend
will go away deeply impressed–’a sadder and a wiser man’.

Now please to look at the smaller Diagram on the Board, and suppose
it to be a cupboard, intended for all the Cakes in the world (it
would have to be a good large one, of course). And let us suppose
all the new ones to be put into the upper half (marked ‘x’), and all
the rest (that is, the NOT-new ones) into the lower half (marked
‘x”). Thus the lower half would contain ELDERLY Cakes, AGED
Cakes, ANTE-DILUVIAN Cakes–if there are any: I haven’t seen many,
myself–and so on. Let us also suppose all the nice Cakes to be
put into the left-hand half (marked ‘y’), and all the rest (that
is, the not-nice ones) into the right-hand half (marked ‘y”). At
present, then, we must understand x to mean “new”, x’ “not-new”,
y “nice”, and y’ “not-nice.”

And now what kind of Cakes would you expect to find in compartment
No. 5?

It is part of the upper half, you see; so that, if it has any Cakes
in it, they must be NEW: and it is part of the left-hand half;
so that they must be NICE. Hence if there are any Cakes in this
compartment, they must have the double ‘ATTRIBUTE’ “new and nice”:
or, if we use letters, the must be “x y.”

Observe that the letters x, y are written on two of the edges of
this compartment. This you will find a very convenient rule for
knowing what Attributes belong to the Things in any compartment.
Take No. 7, for instance. If there are any Cakes there, they must
be “x’ y”, that is, they must be “not-new and nice.”

Now let us make another agreement–that a red counter in a
compartment shall mean that it is ‘OCCUPIED’, that is, that there
are SOME Cakes in it. (The word ‘some,’ in Logic, means ‘one or
more’ so that a single Cake in a compartment would be quite enough
reason for saying “there are SOME Cakes here”). Also let us agree
that a grey counter in a compartment shall mean that it is ‘EMPTY’,
that is that there are NO Cakes in it. In the following Diagrams,
I shall put ’1′ (meaning ‘one or more’) where you are to put a RED
counter, and ’0′ (meaning ‘none’) where you are to put a GREY one.

As the Subject of our Proposition is to be “new Cakes”, we are only
concerned, at present, with the UPPER half of the cupboard, where
all the Cakes have the attribute x, that is, “new.”

Now, fixing our attention on this upper half, suppose we found it
marked like this,

———–
| | |
| 1 | |
| | |
———–

that is, with a red counter in No. 5. What would this tell us,
with regard to the class of “new Cakes”?

Would it not tell us that there are SOME of them in the x y-compartment?
That is, that some of them (besides having the Attribute x, which
belongs to both compartments) have the Attribute y (that is, “nice”).
This we might express by saying “some x-Cakes are y-(Cakes)”, or,
putting words instead of letters,

“Some new Cakes are nice (Cakes)”,

or, in a shorter form,

“Some new Cakes are nice”.

At last we have found out how to represent the first Proposition
of this Section. If you have not CLEARLY understood all I have
said, go no further, but read it over and over again, till you DO
understand it. After that is once mastered, you will find all the
rest quite easy.

It will save a little trouble, in doing the other Propositions,
if we agree to leave out the word “Cakes” altogether. I find it
convenient to call the whole class of Things, for which the cupboard
is intended, the ‘UNIVERSE.’ Thus we might have begun this business
by saying “Let us take a Universe of Cakes.” (Sounds nice, doesn’t
it?)

Of course any other Things would have done just as well as Cakes.
We might make Propositions about “a Universe of Lizards”, or even
“a Universe of Hornets”. (Wouldn’t THAT be a charming Universe to
live in?)

So far, then, we have learned that

———–
| | |
| 1 | |
| | |
———–

means “some x and y,” i.e. “some new are nice.”

I think you will see without further explanation, that

———–
| | |
| | 1 |
| | |
———–

means “some x are y’,” i.e. “some new are not-nice.”

Now let us put a GREY counter into No. 5, and ask ourselves the
meaning of

———–
| | |
| 0 | |
| | |
———–

This tells us that the x y-compartment is EMPTY, which we may express
by “no x are y”, or, “no new Cakes are nice”. This is the second
of the three Propositions at the head of this Section.

In the same way,

———–
| | |
| | 0 |
| | |
———–

would mean “no x are y’,” or, “no new Cakes are not-nice.”

What would you make of this, I wonder?

———–
| | |
| 1 | 1 |
| | |
———–

I hope you will not have much trouble in making out that this
represents a DOUBLE Proposition: namely, “some x are y, AND some
are y’,” i.e. “some new are nice, and some are not-nice.”

The following is a little harder, perhaps:

———–
| | |
| 0 | 0 |
| | |
———–

This means “no x are y, AND none are y’,” i.e. “no new are nice,
AND none are not-nice”: which leads to the rather curious result
that “no new exist,” i.e. “no Cakes are new.” This is because
“nice” and “not-nice” make what we call an ‘EXHAUSTIVE’ division
of the class “new Cakes”: i.e. between them, they EXAUST the whole
class, so that all the new Cakes, that exist, must be found in one
or the other of them.

And now suppose you had to represent, with counters the contradictory
to “no Cakes are new”, which would be “some Cakes are new”, or,
putting letters for words, “some Cakes are x”, how would you do
it?

This will puzzle you a little, I expect. Evidently you must put
a red counter SOMEWHERE in the x-half of the cupboard, since you
know there are SOME new Cakes. But you must not put it into the
LEFT-HAND compartment, since you do not know them to be NICE: nor
may you put it into the RIGHT-HAND one, since you do not know them
to be NOT-NICE.

What, then, are you to do? I think the best way out of the
difficulty is to place the red counter ON THE DIVISION-LINE between
the xy-compartment and the xy’-compartment. This I shall represent
(as I always put ’1′ where you are to put a red counter) by the
diagram

———–
| | |
| -1- |
| | |
———–

Our ingenious American cousins have invented a phrase to express
the position of a man who wants to join one or the other of two
parties–such as their two parties ‘Democrats’ and ‘Republicans’–but
can’t make up his mind WHICH. Such a man is said to be “sitting
on the fence.” Now that is exactly the position of the red counter
you have just placed on the division-line. He likes the look of
No. 5, and he likes the look of No. 6, and he doesn’t know WHICH to
jump down into. So there he sits astride, silly fellow, dangling
his legs, one on each side of the fence!

Now I am going to give you a much harder one to make out. What
does this mean?

———–
| | |
| 1 | 0 |
| | |
———–

This is clearly a DOUBLE Proposition. It tells us not only that
“some x are y,” but also the “no x are NOT y.” Hence the result
is “ALL x are y,” i.e. “all new Cakes are nice”, which is the last
of the three Propositions at the head of this Section.

We see, then, that the Universal Proposition

“All new Cakes are nice”

consists of TWO Propositions taken together, namely,

“Some new Cakes are nice,”
and “No new Cakes are not-nice.”

In the same way

———–
| | |
| 0 | 1 |
| | |
———–

would mean “all x are y’ “, that is,

“All new Cakes are not-nice.”

Now what would you make of such a Proposition as “The Cake you have
given me is nice”? Is it Particular or Universal?

“Particular, of course,” you readily reply. “One single Cake is
hardly worth calling ‘some,’ even.”

No, my dear impulsive Reader, it is ‘Universal’. Remember that,
few as they are (and I grant you they couldn’t well be fewer),
they are (or rather ‘it is’) ALL that you have given me! Thus, if
(leaving ‘red’ out of the question) I divide my Universe of Cakes
into two classes–the Cakes you have given me (to which I assign
the upper half of the cupboard), and those you HAVEN’T given me
(which are to go below)–I find the lower half fairly full, and the
upper one as nearly as possible empty. And then, when I am told
to put an upright division into each half, keeping the NICE Cakes
to the left, and the NOT-NICE ones to the right, I begin by carefully
collecting ALL the Cakes you have given me (saying to myself, from
time to time, “Generous creature! How shall I ever repay such
kindness?”), and piling them up in the left-hand compartment. AND
IT DOESN’T TAKE LONG TO DO IT!

Here is another Universal Proposition for you. “Barzillai Beckalegg
is an honest man.” That means “ALL the Barzillai Beckaleggs, that
I am now considering, are honest men.” (You think I invented that
name, now don’t you? But I didn’t. It’s on a carrier’s cart,
somewhere down in Cornwall.)

This kind of Universal Proposition(where the Subject is a single
Thing) is called an ‘INDIVIDUAL’ Proposition.

Now let us take “NICE Cakes” as the Subject of Proposition: that
is, let us fix our thoughts on the LEFT-HAND half of the cupboard,
where all the Cakes have attribute y, that is, “nice.”

—–
Suppose we find it marked like this:– | |
| 1 |
What would that tell us? | |
—–
| |
| |
| |
—–

I hope that it is not necessary, after explaining the HORIZONTAL
oblong so fully, to spend much time over the UPRIGHT one. I hope
you will see, for yourself, that this means “some y are x”, that
is,

“Some nice Cakes are new.”

“But,” you will say, “we have had this case before. You put a red
counter into No. 5, and you told us it meant ‘some new Cakes are
nice’; and NOW you tell us that it means ‘some NICE Cakes are NEW’!
Can it mean BOTH?”

The question is a very thoughtful one, and does you GREAT credit,
dear Reader! It DOES mean both. If you choose to take x (that
is, “new Cakes”) as your Subject, and to regard No. 5 as part of a
HORIZONTAL oblong, you may read it “some x are y”, that is, “some
new Cakes are nice”: but, if you choose to take y (that is, “nice
Cake”) as your Subject, and to regard No. 5 as part of an UPRIGHT
oblong, THEN you may read it “some y are x”, that is, “some nice
Cakes are new”. They are merely two different ways of expressing
the very same truth.

Without more words, I will simply set down the other ways in which
this upright oblong might be marked, adding the meaning in each
case. By comparing them with the various cases of the horizontal
oblong, you will, I hope, be able to understand them clearly.

You will find it a good plan to examine yourself on this table,
by covering up first one column and then the other, and ‘dodging
about’, as the children say.

Also you will do well to write out for yourself two other tables–one
for the LOWER half of the cupboard, and the other for its RIGHT-HAND
half.

And now I think we have said all we need to say about the smaller
Diagram, and may go on to the larger one.

_________________________________________________
|
Symbols. | Meanings.
_______________|_________________________________
—– |
| | |
| | | Some y are x’;
| | | i.e. Some nice are not-new.
—– |
| | |
| 1 | |
| | |
—– |
|
—– |
| | | No y are x;
| 0 | | i.e. No nice are new.
| | |
—– | [Observe that this is merely another way of
| | | expressing "No new are nice."]
| | |
| | |
—– |
|
—– |
| | |
| | | No y are x’;
| | | i.e. No nice are not-new.
—– |
| | |
| 0 | |
| | |
—– |
|
—– |
| | |
| 1 | | Some y are x, and some are x’; | | | i.e. Some nice are new, and some are
—– | not-new.
| | |
| 1 | |
| | |
—– |
|
—– |
| | |
| 0 | | No y are x, and none are x’; i.e. No y
| | | exist;
—– | i.e. No Cakes are nice.
| | |
| 0 | |
| | |
—– |
|
—– |
| | |
| 1 | | All y are x;
| | | i.e. All nice are new.
—– |
| | |
| 0 | |
| | |
—– |
|
—– |
| | |
| 0 | | All y are x’;
| | | i.e. All nice are not-new.
—– |
| | |
| 1 | |
| | |
—– |
_______________|_________________________________

This may be taken to be a cupboard divided in the same way as the
last, but ALSO divided into two portions, for the Attribute m. Let
us give to m the meaning “wholesome”: and let us suppose that all
WHOLESOME Cakes are placed INSIDE the central Square, and all the
UNWHOLESOME ones OUTSIDE it, that is, in one or other of the four
queer-shaped OUTER compartments.

We see that, just as, in the smaller Diagram, the Cakes in each
compartment had TWO Attributes, so, here, the Cakes in each compartment
have THREE Attributes: and, just as the letters, representing the
TWO Attributes, were written on the EDGES of the compartment, so,
here, they are written at the CORNERS. (Observe that m’ is supposed
to be written at each of the four outer corners.) So that we can
tell in a moment, by looking at a compartment, what three Attributes
belong to the Things in it. For instance, take No. 12. Here we
find x, y’, m, at the corners: so we know that the Cakes in it, if
there are any, have the triple Attribute, ‘xy’m', that is, “new,
not-nice, and wholesome.” Again, take No. 16. Here we find, at
the corners, x’, y’, m’: so the Cakes in it are “not-new, not-nice,
and unwholesome.” (Remarkably untempting Cakes!)

It would take far too long to go through all the Propositions,
containing x and y, x and m, and y and m which can be represented
on this diagram (there are ninety-six altogether, so I am sure you
will excuse me!) and I must content myself with doing two or three,
as specimens. You will do well to work out a lot more for yourself.

Taking the upper half by itself, so that our Subject is “new Cakes”,
how are we to represent “no new Cakes are wholesome”?

This is, writing letters for words, “no x are m.” Now this tells us
that none of the Cakes, belonging to the upper half of the cupboard,
are to be found INSIDE the central Square: that is, the two
compartments, No. 11 and No. 12, are EMPTY. And this, of course,
is represented by

——————-
| | |
| _____|_____ |
| | | | |
| | 0 | 0 | |
| | | | |
——————-

And now how are we to represent the contradictory Proposition “SOME x
are m”? This is a difficulty I have already considered. I think
the best way is to place a red counter ON THE DIVISION-LINE between
No. 11 and No. 12, and to understand this to mean that ONE of the
two compartments is ‘occupied,’ but that we do not at present know WHICH.
This I shall represent thus:–

——————-
| | |
| _____|_____ |
| | | | |
| | -1- | |
| | | | |
——————-

Now let us express “all x are m.”

This consists, we know, of TWO Propositions,

“Some x are m,”
and “No x are m’.”

Let us express the negative part first. This tells us that none
of the Cakes, belonging to the upper half of the cupboard, are to
be found OUTSIDE the central Square: that is, the two compartments,
No. 9 and No. 10, are EMPTY. This, of course, is represented by

——————-
| 0 | 0 |
| _____|_____ |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
——————-

But we have yet to represent “Some x are m.” This tells us that
there are SOME Cakes in the oblong consisting of No. 11 and No.
12: so we place our red counter, as in the previous example, on
the division-line between No. 11 and No. 12, and the result is

——————-
| 0 | 0 |
| _____|_____ |
| | | | |
| | -1- | |
| | | | |
——————-

Now let us try one or two interpretations.

What are we to make of this, with regard to x and y?

——————-
| | 0 |
| _____|_____ |
| | | | |
| | 1 | 0 | |
| | | | |
——————-

This tells us, with regard to the xy’-Square, that it is wholly
‘empty’, since BOTH compartments are so marked. With regard to
the xy-Square, it tells us that it is ‘occupied’. True, it is only
ONE compartment of it that is so marked; but that is quite enough,
whether the other be ‘occupied’ or ‘empty’, to settle the fact that
there is SOMETHING in the Square.

If, then, we transfer our marks to the smaller Diagram, so as to
get rid of the m-subdivisions, we have a right to mark it

———–
| | |
| 1 | 0 |
| | |
———–

which means, you know, “all x are y.”

The result would have been exactly the same, if the given oblong
had been marked thus:–

——————-
| 1 | 0 |
| _____|_____ |
| | | | |
| | | 0 | |
| | | | |
——————-

Once more: how shall we interpret this, with regard to x and y?

——————-
| 0 | 1 |
| _____|_____ |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
——————-

This tells us, as to the xy-Square, that ONE of its compartments
is ‘empty’. But this information is quite useless, as there is no
mark in the OTHER compartment. If the other compartment happened
to be ‘empty’ too, the Square would be ‘empty’: and, if it happened
to be ‘occupied’, the Square would be ‘occupied’. So, as we do
not know WHICH is the case, we can say nothing about THIS Square.

The other Square, the xy’-Square, we know (as in the previous
example) to be ‘occupied’.

If, then, we transfer our marks to the smaller Diagram, we get
merely this:–

———–
| | |
| | 1 |
| | |
———–

which means, you know, “some x are y’.”

These principles may be applied to all the other
oblongs. For instance, to represent
“all y’ are m’” we should mark the ——-
RIGHT-HAND UPRIGHT OBLONG (the one | |
that has the attribute y’) thus:– |— |
| 0 | |
|—|-1-|
| 0 | |
|— |
| |
——-

and, if we were told to interpret the lower half of the cupboard,
marked as follows, with regard to x and y,

——————-
| | | | |
| | | 0 | |
| | | | |
| —–|—– |
| 1 | 0 | ——————-

we should transfer it to the smaller Diagram thus,

———–
| | |
| 1 | 0 |
| | |
———–

and read it “all x’ are y.”

Two more remarks about Propositions need to be made.

One is that, in every Proposition beginning with “some” or “all”,
the ACTUAL EXISTENCE of the ‘Subject’ is asserted. If, for instance,
I say “all misers are selfish,” I mean that misers ACTUALLY EXIST.
If I wished to avoid making this assertion, and merely to state
the LAW that miserliness necessarily involves selfishness, I should
say “no misers are unselfish” which does not assert that any misers
exist at all, but merely that, if any DID exist, they WOULD be
selfish.

The other is that, when a Proposition begins with “some” or “no”,
and contains more that two Attributes, these Attributes may be
re-arranged, and shifted from one Term to the other, “ad libitum.”
For example, “some abc are def” may be re-arranged as “some bf are
acde,” each being equivalent to “some Things are abcdef”. Again “No
wise old men are rash and reckless gamblers” may be re-arranged as
“No rash old gamblers are wise and reckless,” each being equivalent
to “No men are wise old rash reckless gamblers.”

2. Syllogisms

Now suppose we divide our Universe of Things in three ways, with regard
to three different Attributes. Out of these three Attributes, we
may make up three different couples (for instance, if they were a,
b, c, we might make up the three couples ab, ac, bc). Also suppose
we have two Propositions given us, containing two of these three
couples, and that from them we can prove a third Proposition containing
the third couple. (For example, if we divide our Universe for m,
x, and y; and if we have the two Propositions given us, “no m are
x’ ” and “all m’ are y “, containing the two couples mx and my, it
might be possible to prove from them a third Proposition, containing
x and y.)

In such a case we call the given Propositions ‘THE PREMISSES’, the
third one ‘THE CONCLUSION’ and the whole set ‘A SYLLOGISM’.

Evidently, ONE of the Attributes must occur in both Premisses; or
else one must occur in ONE Premiss, and its CONTRADICTORY in the
other.

In the first case (when, for example, the Premisses are “some m
are x” and “no m are y’”) the Term, which occurs twice, is called
‘THE MIDDLE TERM’, because it serves as a sort of link between the
other two Terms.

In the second case (when, for example, the Premisses are “no
m are x’” and “all m’ are y”) the two Terms, which contain these
contradictory Attributes, may be called ‘THE MIDDLE TERMS’.

Thus, in the first case, the class of “m-Things” is the Middle
Term; and, in the second case, the two classes of “m-Things” and
“m’-Things” are the Middle Terms.

The Attribute, which occurs in the Middle Term or Terms, disappears
in the Conclusion, and is said to be “eliminated”, which literally
means “turned out of doors”.

Now let us try to draw a Conclusion from the two Premisses–

“Some new Cakes are unwholesome;
No nice Cakes are unwholesome.”

In order to express them with counters, we need to divide Cakes in
THREE different ways, with regard to newness, to niceness, and to
wholesomeness. For this we must use the larger Diagram, making x
mean “new”, y “nice”, and m “wholesome”. (Everything INSIDE the
central Square is supposed to have the attribute m, and everything
OUTSIDE it the attribute m’, i.e. “not-m”.)

You had better adopt the rule to make m mean the Attribute which
occurs in the MIDDLE Term or Terms. (I have chosen m as the symbol,
because ‘middle’ begins with ‘m’.)

Now, in representing the two Premisses, I prefer to begin with the
NEGATIVE one (the one beginning with “no”), because GREY counters
can always be placed with CERTAINTY, and will then help to fix the
position of the red counters, which are sometimes a little uncertain
where they will be most welcome.

Let us express, the “no nice Cakes are unwholesome (Cakes)”, i.e.
“no y-Cakes are m’-(Cakes)”. This tells us that none of the Cakes
belonging to the y-half of the cupboard are in its m’-compartments(i.e.
the ones outside the central Square). Hence the two compartments,
No. 9 and No. 15, are both ‘EMPTY’; and we must place a grey counter
in EACH of them, thus:–

———–
|0 | |
| –|– |
| | | | |
|–|—–|–|
| | | | |
| –|– |
|0 | |
———–

We have now to express the other Premiss, namely, “some new Cakes
are unwholesome (Cakes)”, i.e. “some x-Cakes are m’-(Cakes)”. This
tells us that some of the Cakes in the x-half of the cupboard are
in its m’-compartments. Hence ONE of the two compartments, No.
9 and No. 10, is ‘occupied’: and, as we are not told in WHICH of
these two compartments to place the red counter, the usual rule
would be to lay it on the division-line between them: but, in this
case, the other Premiss has settled the matter for us, by declaring
No. 9 to be EMPTY. Hence the red counter has no choice, and MUST
go into No. 10, thus:–

———–
|0 | 1|
| –|– |
| | | | |
|–|—–|–|
| | | | |
| –|– |
|0 | |
———–

And now what counters will this information enable us to place in
the SMALLER Diagram, so as to get some Proposition involving x and
y only, leaving out m? Let us take its four compartments, one by
one.

First, No. 5. All we know about THIS is that its OUTER portion
is empty: but we know nothing about its inner portion. Thus the
Square MAY be empty, or it MAY have something in it. Who can tell?
So we dare not place ANY counter in this Square.

Secondly, what of No. 6? Here we are a little better off. We
know that there is SOMETHING in it, for there is a red counter in
its outer portion. It is true we do not know whether its inner
portion is empty or occupied: but what does THAT matter? One solitary
Cake, in one corner of the Square, is quite sufficient excuse for
saying “THIS SQUARE IS OCCUPIED”, and for marking it with a red
counter.

As to No. 7, we are in the same condition as with No. 5–we find
it PARTLY ‘empty’, but we do not know whether the other part is
empty or occupied: so we dare not mark this Square.

And as to No. 8, we have simply no information at all.

The result is

——-
| | 1 |
|—|—|
| | |
——-

Our ‘Conclusion’, then, must be got out of the rather meager piece
of information that there is a red counter in the xy’-Square.
Hence our Conclusion is “some x are y’ “, i.e. “some new Cakes are
not-nice (Cakes)”: or, if you prefer to take y’ as your Subject,
“some not-nice Cakes are new (Cakes)”; but the other looks neatest.

We will now write out the whole Syllogism, putting the symbol
&there4[*] for “therefore”, and omitting “Cakes”, for the sake of
brevity, at the end of each Proposition.

[*][NOTE from Brett: The use of "&there4" is a rather arbitrary
selection. There is no font available in general practice
which renders the "therefore" symbol correction (three dots in a
triangular formation). This can be done, however, in HTML, so if
this document is read in a browser, then the symbol will be properly
recognized. This is a poor man's excuse.]

“Some new Cakes are unwholesome;
No nice Cakes are unwholesome
&there4 Some new Cakes are not-nice.”

And you have now worked out, successfully, your first ‘SYLLOGISM’.
Permit me to congratulate you, and to express the hope that it is
but the beginning of a long and glorious series of similar victories!

We will work out one other Syllogism–a rather harder one than the
last–and then, I think, you may be safely left to play the Game
by yourself, or (better) with any friend whom you can find, that
is able and willing to take a share in the sport.

Let us see what we can make of the two Premisses–

“All Dragons are uncanny;
All Scotchmen are canny.”

Remember, I don’t guarantee the Premisses to be FACTS. In the
first place, I never even saw a Dragon: and, in the second place,
it isn’t of the slightest consequence to us, as LOGICIANS, whether
our Premisses are true or false: all WE have to do is to make out
whether they LEAD LOGICALLY TO THE CONCLUSION, so that, if THEY
were true, IT would be true also.

You see, we must give up the “Cakes” now, or our cupboard will
be of no use to us. We must take, as our ‘Universe’, some class
of things which will include Dragons and Scotchmen: shall we say
‘Animals’? And, as “canny” is evidently the Attribute belonging
to the ‘Middle Terms’, we will let m stand for “canny”, x for
“Dragons”, and y for “Scotchmen”. So that our two Premisses are,
in full,

“All Dragon-Animals are uncanny (Animals);
All Scotchman-Animals are canny (Animals).”

And these may be expressed, using letters for words, thus:–

“All x are m’;
All y are m.”

The first Premiss consists, as you already know, of two parts:–

“Some x are m’,”
and “No x are m.”

And the second also consists of two parts:–

“Some y are m,”
and “No y are m’.”

Let us take the negative portions first.

We have, then, to mark, on the larger Diagram, first, “no x are
m”, and secondly, “no y are m’”. I think you will see, without
further explanation, that the two results, separately, are

———– ———–
| | | |0 | |
| –|– | | –|– |
| |0 | 0| | | | | | |
|–|–|–|–| |–|–|–|–|
| | | | | | | | | |
| –|– | | –|– |
| | | |0 | |
———– ———–

and that these two, when combined, give us

———–
|0 | |
| –|– |
| |0 | 0| |
|–|–|–|–|
| | | | |
| –|– |
|0 | |
———–

We have now to mark the two positive portions, “some x are m’”
and “some y are m”.

The only two compartments, available for Things which are xm’, are
No. 9 and No. 10. Of these, No. 9 is already marked as ‘empty’;
so our red counter must go into No. 10.

Similarly, the only two, available for ym, are No. 11 and No. 13.
Of these, No. 11 is already marked as ‘empty’; so our red counter
MUST go into No. 13.

The final result is

———–
|0 | 1|
| –|– |
| |0 | 0| |
|–|–|–|–|
| |1 | | |
| –|– |
|0 | |
———–

And now how much of this information can usefully be transferred
to the smaller Diagram?

Let us take its four compartments, one by one.

As to No. 5? This, we see, is wholly ‘empty’. (So mark it with a
grey counter.)

As to No. 6? This, we see, is ‘occupied’. (So mark it with a red
counter.)
As to No. 7? Ditto, ditto.

As to No. 8? No information.

The smaller Diagram is now pretty liberally marked:–

——-
| 0 | 1 |
|—|—|
| 1 | |
——-

And now what Conclusion can we read off from this? Well, it is
impossible to pack such abundant information into ONE Proposition:
we shall have to indulge in TWO, this time.

First, by taking x as Subject, we get “all x are y’”, that is,

“All Dragons are not-Scotchmen”:

secondly, by taking y as Subject, we get “all y are x’”, that is,

“All Scotchmen are not-Dragons”.

Let us now write out, all together, our two Premisses and our brace
of Conclusions.

“All Dragons are uncanny;
All Scotchmen are canny.
&there4 All Dragons are not-Scotchmen;
All Scotchmen are not-Dragons.”

Let me mention, in conclusion, that you may perhaps meet with
logical treatises in which it is not assumed that any Thing EXISTS
at all, by “some x are y” is understood to mean “the Attributes x,
y are COMPATIBLE, so that a Thing can have both at once”, and “no
x are y” to mean “the Attributes x, y are INCOMPATIBLE, so that
nothing can have both at once”.

In such treatises, Propositions have quite different meanings
from what they have in our ‘Game of Logic’, and it will be well to
understand exactly what the difference is.

First take “some x are y”. Here WE understand “are” to mean “are,
as an actual FACT”–which of course implies that some x-Things EXIST.
But THEY (the writers of these other treatises) only understand
“are” to mean “CAN be”, which does not at all imply that any EXIST.
So they mean LESS than we do: our meaning includes theirs (for of
course “some x ARE y” includes “some x CAN BE y”), but theirs does
NOT include ours. For example, “some Welsh hippopotami are heavy”
would be TRUE, according to these writers (since the Attributes
“Welsh” and “heavy” are quite COMPATIBLE in a hippopotamus), but
it would be FALSE in our Game (since there are no Welsh hippopotami
to BE heavy).

Secondly, take “no x are y”. Here WE only understand “are” to
mean “are, as an actual FACT”–which does not at all imply that no
x CAN be y. But THEY understand the Proposition to mean, not only
that none ARE y, but that none CAN POSSIBLY be y. So they mean
more than we do: their meaning includes ours (for of course “no x
CAN be y” includes “no x ARE y”), but ours does NOT include theirs.
For example, “no Policemen are eight feet high” would be TRUE
in our Game (since, as an actual fact, no such splendid specimens
are ever found), but it would be FALSE, according to these writers
(since the Attributes “belonging to the Police Force” and “eight
feet high” are quite COMPATIBLE: there is nothing to PREVENT a
Policeman from growing to that height, if sufficiently rubbed with
Rowland’s Macassar Oil–which said to make HAIR grow, when rubbed
on hair, and so of course will make a POLICEMAN grow, when rubbed
on a Policeman).

Thirdly, take “all x are y”, which consists of the two partial
Propositions “some x are y” and “no x are y’”. Here, of course,
the treatises mean LESS than we do in the FIRST part, and more than
we do in the SECOND. But the two operations don’t balance each
other–any more than you can console a man, for having knocked down
one of his chimneys, by giving him an extra door-step.

If you meet with Syllogisms of this kind, you may work them, quite
easily, by the system I have given you: you have only to make
‘are’ mean ‘are CAPABLE of being’, and all will go smoothly. For
“some x are y” will become “some x are capable of being y”, that
is, “the Attributes x, y are COMPATIBLE”. And “no x are y” will
become “no x are capable of being y”, that is, “the Attributes
x, y are INCOMPATIBLE”. And, of course, “all x are y” will become
“some x are capable of being y, and none are capable of being y’”,
that is, “the Attributes x, y are COMPATIBLE, and the Attributes
x, y’ are INCOMPATIBLE.” In using the Diagrams for this system,
you must understand a red counter to mean “there may POSSIBLY be
something in this compartment,” and a grey one to mean “there cannot
POSSIBLY be anything in this compartment.”

3. Fallacies.

And so you think, do you, that the chief use of Logic, in real life,
is to deduce Conclusions from workable Premisses, and to satisfy
yourself that the Conclusions, deduced by other people, are correct?
I only wish it were! Society would be much less liable to panics
and other delusions, and POLITICAL life, especially, would be a
totally different thing, if even a majority of the arguments, that
scattered broadcast over the world, were correct! But it is all
the other way, I fear. For ONE workable Pair of Premisses (I mean
a Pair that lead to a logical Conclusion) that you meet with in
reading your newspaper or magazine, you will probably find FIVE
that lead to no Conclusion at all: and, even when the Premisses
ARE workable, for ONE instance, where the writer draws a correct
Conclusion, there are probably TEN where he draws an incorrect one.

In the first case, you may say “the PREMISSES are fallacious”: in
the second, “the CONCLUSION is fallacious.”
The chief use you will find, in such Logical skill as this Game
may teach you, will be in detecting ‘FALLACIES’ of these two kinds.

The first kind of Fallacy–’Fallacious Premisses’–you will detect
when, after marking them on the larger Diagram, you try to transfer
the marks to the smaller. You will take its four compartments, one
by one, and ask, for each in turn, “What mark can I place HERE?”;
and in EVERY one the answer will be “No information!”, showing that
there is NO CONCLUSION AT ALL. For instance,

“All soldiers are brave;
Some Englishmen are brave.
&there4 Some Englishmen are soldiers.”

looks uncommonly LIKE a Syllogism, and might easily take in a
less experienced Logician. But YOU are not to be caught by such
a trick! You would simply set out the Premisses, and would then
calmly remark “Fallacious PREMISSES!”: you wouldn’t condescend to
ask what CONCLUSION the writer professed to draw–knowing that,
WHATEVER it is, it MUST be wrong. You would be just as safe as
that wise mother was, who said “Mary, just go up to the nursery,
and see what Baby’s doing, AND TELL HIM NOT TO DO IT!”

The other kind of Fallacy–’Fallacious Conclusion’–you will not
detect till you have marked BOTH Diagrams, and have read off the
correct Conclusion, and have compared it with the Conclusion which
the writer has drawn.

But mind, you mustn’t say “FALLACIOUS Conclusion,” simply because
it is not IDENTICAL with the correct one: it may be a PART of the
correct Conclusion, and so be quite correct, AS FAR AS IT GOES. In
this case you would merely remark, with a pitying smile, “DEFECTIVE
Conclusion!” Suppose, of example, you were to meet with this
Syllogism:–

“All unselfish people are generous;
No misers are generous.
&there4 No misers are unselfish.”

the Premisses of which might be thus expressed in letters:–

“All x’ are m;
No y are m.”

Here the correct Conclusion would be “All x’ are y’” (that is,
“All unselfish people are not misers”), while the Conclusion, drawn
by the writer, is “No y are x’,” (which is the same as “No x’ are
y,” and so is PART of “All x’ are y’.”) Here you would simply say
“DEFECTIVE Conclusion!” The same thing would happen, if you were
in a confectioner’s shop, and if a little boy were to come in, put
down twopence, and march off triumphantly with a single penny-bun.
You would shake your head mournfully, and would remark “Defective
Conclusion! Poor little chap!” And perhaps you would ask the
young lady behind the counter whether she would let YOU eat the
bun, which the little boy had paid for and left behind him: and
perhaps SHE would reply “Sha’n't!”

But if, in the above example, the writer had drawn the Conclusion
“All misers are selfish” (that is, “All y are x”), this would
be going BEYOND his legitimate rights (since it would assert the
EXISTENCE of y, which is not contained in the Premisses), and you
would very properly say “Fallacious Conclusion!”

Now, when you read other treatises on Logic, you will meet with
various kinds of (so-called) ‘Fallacies’ which are by no means
ALWAYS so. For example, if you were to put before one of these
Logicians the Pair of Premisses

“No honest men cheat;
No dishonest men are trustworthy.”

and were to ask him what Conclusion followed, he would probably say
“None at all! Your Premisses offend against TWO distinct Rules, and
are as fallacious as they can well be!” Then suppose you were bold
enough to say “The Conclusion is ‘No men who cheat are trustworthy’,”
I fear your Logical friend would turn away hastily–perhaps angry,
perhaps only scornful: in any case, the result would be unpleasant.
I ADVISE YOU NOT TO TRY THE EXPERIMENT!

“But why is this?” you will say. “Do you mean to tell us that all
these Logicians are wrong?” Far from it, dear Reader! From THEIR
point of view, they are perfectly right. But they do not include,
in their system, anything like ALL the possible forms of Syllogisms.

They have a sort of nervous dread of Attributes beginning with a
negative particle. For example, such Propositions as “All not-x
are y,” “No x are not-y,” are quite outside their system. And
thus, having (from sheer nervousness) excluded a quantity of very
useful forms, they have made rules which, though quite applicable
to the few forms which they allow of, are no use at all when you
consider all possible forms.

Let us not quarrel with them, dear Reader! There is room enough in
the world for both of us. Let us quietly take our broader system:
and, if they choose to shut their eyes to all these useful forms,
and to say “They are not Syllogisms at all!” we can but stand aside,
and let them Rush upon their Fate! There is scarcely anything of
yours, upon which it is so dangerous to Rush, as your Fate. You
may Rush upon your Potato-beds, or your Strawberry-beds, without
doing much harm: you may even Rush upon your Balcony (unless it
is a new house, built by contract, and with no clerk of the works)
and may survive the foolhardy enterprise: but if you once Rush upon
your FATE–why, you must take the consequences!

CHAPTER II.

CROSS QUESTIONS.

“The Man in the Wilderness asked of me
‘How many strawberries grow in the sea?’”
__________

1. Elementary.

1. What is an ‘Attribute’? Give examples.

2. When is it good sense to put “is” or “are” between two names?
Give examples.

3. When is it NOT good sense? Give examples.

4. When it is NOT good sense, what is the simplest agreement to
make, in order to make good sense?

5. Explain ‘Proposition’, ‘Term’, ‘Subject’, and ‘Predicate’.
Give examples.

6. What are ‘Particular’ and ‘Universal’ Propositions? Give
examples.

7. Give a rule for knowing, when we look at the smaller Diagram,
what Attributes belong to the things in each compartment.

8. What does “some” mean in Logic? [See pp. 55, 6]

9. In what sense do we use the word ‘Universe’ in this Game?

10. What is a ‘Double’ Proposition? Give examples.

11. When is a class of Things said to be ‘exhaustively’ divided?
Give examples.

12. Explain the phrase “sitting on the fence.”

13. What two partial Propositions make up, when taken together,
“all x are y”?

14. What are ‘Individual’ Propositions? Give examples.

15. What kinds of Propositions imply, in this Game, the EXISTENCE
of their Subjects?

16. When a Proposition contains more than two Attributes, these
Attributes may in some cases be re-arranged, and shifted from one
Term to the other. In what cases may this be done? Give examples.

__________

Break up each of the following into two partial
Propositions:

17. All tigers are fierce.

18. All hard-boiled eggs are unwholesome.

19. I am happy.

20. John is not at home.

__________

[See pp. 56, 7]

21. Give a rule for knowing, when we look at the larger Diagram,
what Attributes belong to the Things contained in each compartment.

22. Explain ‘Premisses’, ‘Conclusion’, and ‘Syllogism’. Give
examples.

23. Explain the phrases ‘Middle Term’ and ‘Middle Terms’.

24. In marking a pair of Premisses on the larger Diagram, why is
it best to mark NEGATIVE Propositions before AFFIRMATIVE ones?

25. Why is it of no consequence to us, as Logicians, whether the
Premisses are true or false?

26. How can we work Syllogisms in which we are told that “some x
are y” is to be understood to mean “the Attribute x, y are COMPATIBLE”,
and “no x are y” to mean “the Attributes x, y are INCOMPATIBLE”?

27. What are the two kinds of ‘Fallacies’?

28. How may we detect ‘Fallacious Premisses’?

29. How may we detect a ‘Fallacious Conclusion’?

30. Sometimes the Conclusion, offered to us, is not identical with
the correct Conclusion, and yet cannot be fairly called ‘Fallacious’.
When does this happen? And what name may we give to such a
Conclusion?

[See pp. 57-59]

2. Half of Smaller Diagram.

Propositions to be represented.

———–
| | |
| x |
| | |
–y—–y’-

__________

1. Some x are not-y.

2. All x are not-y.

3. Some x are y, and some are not-y.

4. No x exist.

5. Some x exist.

6. No x are not-y.

7. Some x are not-y, and some x exist.

__________

Taking x=”judges”; y=”just”;

8. No judges are just.

9. Some judges are unjust.

10. All judges are just.

__________

Taking x=”plums”; y=”wholesome”;

11. Some plums are wholesome.

12. There are no wholesome plums.

13. Plums are some of them wholesome, and some not.

14. All plums are unwholesome.

[See pp. 59, 60]

—–
| |
| x
| |
|–y–|
| |
| x’
| |
—–

__________

Taking y=”diligent students”; x=”successful”;

15. No diligent students are unsuccessful.

16. All diligent students are successful.

17. No students are diligent.

18. There are some diligent, but unsuccessful, students.

19. Some students are diligent.

[See pp. 60, 1]

3. Half of Smaller Diagram.

Symbols to be interpreted.

__________

———–
| | |
| x |
| | |
–y—–y’-

__________

——- ——-
| | | | | |
1. | | 0 | 2. | 0 | 0 |
| | | | | |
——- ——-

——- ——-
| | | | | |
3. | – | 4. | 0 | 1 |
| | | | | |
——- ——-

__________

Taking x=”good riddles”; y=”hard”;

——- ——-
| | | | | |
5. | 1 | | 6. | 1 | 0 |
| | | | | |
——- ——-

——- ——-
| | | | | |
7. | 0 | 0 | 8. | 0 | |
| | | | | |
——- ——-

__________

[See pp. 61, 2]

Taking x=”lobster”; y=”selfish”;

——- ——-
| | | | | |
9. | | 1 | 10. | 0 | |
| | | | | |
——- ——-

——- ——-
| | | | | |
11. | 0 | 1 | 12. | 1 | 1 |
| | | | | |
——- ——-

__________

—–
| |
x |
| |
|–y’-|
| |
x’ |
| |
—–

Taking y=”healthy people”; x=”happy”;

— — — —
| 0 | | | | 1 | | 0 |
13. |—| 14. |-1-| 15. |—| 16. |—|
| 1 | | | | 1 | | |
— — — —

[See p. 62]

4. Smaller Diagram.

Propositions to be represented.

———–
| | |
| x |
|–y–|–y’-|
| x’ |
| | |
———–

__________

1. All y are x.

2. Some y are not-x.

3. No not-x are not-y.

4. Some x are not-y.

5. Some not-y are x.

6. No not-x are y.

7. Some not-x are not-y.

8. All not-x are not-y.

9. Some not-y exist.

10. No not-x exist.

11. Some y are x, and some are not-x.

12. All x are y, and all not-y are not-x.

[See pp. 62, 3]

Taking “nations” as Universe; x=”civilised”;
y=”warlike”;

13. No uncivilised nation is warlike.

14. All unwarlike nations are uncivilised.

15. Some nations are unwarlike.

16. All warlike nations are civilised, and all civilised nations
are warlike.

17. No nation is uncivilised.

__________

Taking “crocodiles” as Universe; x=”hungry”; and
y=”amiable”;

18. All hungry crocodiles are unamiable.

19. No crocodiles are amiable when hungry.

20. Some crocodiles, when not hungry, are amiable; but some
are not.

21. No crocodiles are amiable, and some are hungry.

22. All crocodiles, when not hungry, are amiable; and all
unamiable crocodiles are hungry.

23. Some hungry crocodiles are amiable, and some that are
not hungry are unamiable.

[See pp. 63, 4]

5. Smaller Diagram.

Symbols to be interpreted.

__________

———–
| | |
| x |
|–y–|–y’-|
| x’ |
| | |
———–

__________

——- ——-
| | | | | |
1. |—|—| 2. |—|—|
| 1 | | | | 0 |
——- ——-

——- ——-
| | 1 | | | |
3. |—|—| 4. |—|—|
| | 0 | | 0 | 0 |
——- ——-

__________

Taking “houses” as Universe; x=”built of brick”; and
y=”two-storied”; interpret

——- ——-
| 0 | | | | |
5. |—|—| 6. |—|—|
| 0 | | | – |
——- —|—

——- ——-
| | 0 | | | |
7. |—|—| 8. |—|—|
| | | | 0 | 1 |
——- ——-

[See p. 65]

Taking “boys” as Universe; x=”fat”; and y=”active”;
interpret

——- ——-
| 1 | 1 | | | 0 |
9. |—|—| 10. |—|—|
| | | | | 1 |
——- ——-

——- ——-
| 0 | 1 | | 1 | |
11. |—|—| 12. |—|—|
| | 0 | | 0 | 1 |
——- ——-

__________

Taking “cats” as Universe; x=”green-eyed”; and
y=”good-tempered”; interpret

——- ——-
| 0 | 0 | | | 1 |
13. |—|—| 14. |—|—|
| | 0 | | 1 | |
——- ——-

——- ——-
| 1 | | | 0 | 1 |
15. |—|—| 16. |—|—|
| | 0 | | 1 | 0 |
——- ——-

[See pp. 65, 6]

6. Larger Diagram.

Propositions to be represented.

__________

———–
| | |
| –x– |
| | | | |
|–y–m–y’-|
| | | | |
| –x’- |
| | |
———–

__________

1. No x are m.

2. Some y are m’.

3. All m are x’.

4. No m’ are y’.

5. No m are x; All y are m.

6. Some x are m; No y are m.

7. All m are x’; No m are y.

8. No x’ are m; No y’ are m’.

[See pp. 67,8]

Taking “rabbits” as Universe; m=”greedy”; x=”old”; and
y=”black”; represent

9. No old rabbits are greedy.

10. Some not-greedy rabbits are black.

11. All white rabbits are free from greediness.

12. All greedy rabbits are young.

13. No old rabbits are greedy; All black rabbits are greedy.

14. All rabbits, that are not greedy, are black; No old
rabbits are free from greediness.

__________

Taking “birds” as Universe; m=”that sing loud”; x=”well-fed”;
and y=”happy”; represent

15. All well-fed birds sing loud; No birds, that sing loud,
are unhappy.

16. All birds, that do not sing loud, are unhappy; No well-fed
birds fail to sing loud.

__________

Taking “persons” as Universe; m=”in the house”; x=”John”;
and y=”having a tooth-ache”; represent

17. John is in the house; Everybody in the house is suffering
from tooth-ache.

18. There is no one in the house but John; Nobody, out of
the house, has a tooth-ache.

__________

[See pp. 68-70]

Taking “persons” as Universe; m=”I”; x=”that has taken a
walk”; y=”that feels better”; represent

19. I have been out for a walk; I feel much better.

__________

Choosing your own ‘Universe’ &c., represent

20. I sent him to bring me a kitten; He brought me a kettle
by mistake.

[See pp. 70, 1]

7. Both Diagrams to be employed.

__________

———–
| | | ———–
| –x– | | | |
| | | | | | x |
|–y–m–y’-| |–y–|–y’-|
| | | | | | x’ |
| –x’- | | | |
| | | ———–
———–

__________

N.B. In each Question, a small Diagram should be drawn, for x and
y only, and marked in accordance with the given large Diagram: and
then as many Propositions as possible, for x and y, should be read
off from this small Diagram.

———– ———–
|0 | | | | |
| –|– | | –|– |
| |0 | 0| | | |0 | 1| |
1. |–|–|–|–| 2. |–|–|–|–|
| |1 | | | | |0 | | |
| –|– | | –|– |
|0 | | | | |
———– ———–

[See p. 72]

———– ———–
| | | | | 0|
| –|– | | –|– |
| |0 | 0| | | | | | |
3. |–|–|–|–| 4. |–|–|–|–|
| |1 | 0| | | |0 | | |
| –|– | | –|– |
| | | | | 0|
———– ———–

__________

Mark, in a large Diagram, the following pairs of Propositions from
the preceding Section: then mark a small Diagram in accordance with
it, &c.

5. No. 13. [see p. 49] 9. No. 17.
6. No. 14. 10. No. 18.
7. No. 15. 11. No. 19. [see p. 50]
8. No. 16. 12. No. 20.

__________

Mark, on a large Diagram, the following Pairs of Propositions: then
mark a small Diagram, &c. These are, in fact, Pairs of PREMISSES
for Syllogisms: and the results, read off from the small Diagram,
are the CONCLUSIONS.

13. No exciting books suit feverish patients; Unexciting
books make one drowsy.

14. Some, who deserve the fair, get their deserts; None
but the brave deserve the fair.

15. No children are patient; No impatient person can sit
still.

[See pp. 72-5]

16. All pigs are fat; No skeletons are fat.

17. No monkeys are soldiers; All monkeys are mischievous.

18. None of my cousins are just; No judges are unjust.

19. Some days are rainy; Rainy days are tiresome.

20. All medicine is nasty; Senna is a medicine.

21. Some Jews are rich; All Patagonians are Gentiles.

22. All teetotalers like sugar; No nightingale drinks wine.

23. No muffins are wholesome; All buns are unwholesome.

24. No fat creatures run well; Some greyhounds run well.

25. All soldiers march; Some youths are not soldiers.

26. Sugar is sweet; Salt is not sweet.

27. Some eggs are hard-boiled; No eggs are uncrackable.

28. There are no Jews in the house; There are no Gentiles
in the garden.

[See pp. 75-82]

29. All battles are noisy; What makes no noise may escape
notice.

30. No Jews are mad; All Rabbis are Jews.

31. There are no fish that cannot swim; Some skates are
fish.

32. All passionate people are unreasonable; Some orators
are passionate.

[See pp. 82-84]

CHAPTER III.

CROOKED ANSWERS.

“I answered him, as I thought good,
‘As many as red-herrings grow in the wood’.”

__________

1. Elementary.

1. Whatever can be “attributed to”, that is “said to belong to”,
a Thing, is called an ‘Attribute’. For example, “baked”, which
can (frequently) be attributed to “Buns”, and “beautiful”, which
can (seldom) be attributed to “Babies”.

2. When they are the Names of two Things (for example, “these
Pigs are fat Animals”), or of two Attributes (for example, “pink
is light red”).

3. When one is the Name of a Thing, and the other the Name of an
Attribute (for example, “these Pigs are pink”), since a Thing cannot
actually BE an Attribute.

4. That the Substantive shall be supposed to be repeated at the
end of the sentence (for example, “these Pigs are pink (Pigs)”).

5. A ‘Proposition’ is a sentence stating that some, or none, or all,
of the Things belonging to a certain class, called the ‘Subject’,
are also Things belonging to a certain other class, called the
‘Predicate’. For example, “some new Cakes are not nice”, that is
(written in full) “some new Cakes are not nice Cakes”; where the
class “new Cakes” is the Subject, and the class “not-nice Cakes”
is the Predicate.

6. A Proposition, stating that SOME of the Things belonging to
its Subject are so-and-so, is called ‘Particular’. For example,
“some new Cakes are nice”, “some new Cakes are not nice.”

A Proposition, stating that NONE of the Things belonging to its
Subject, or that ALL of them, are so-and-so, is called ‘Universal’.
For example, “no new Cakes are nice”, “all new Cakes are not nice”.

7. The Things in each compartment possess TWO Attributes, whose
symbols will be found written on two of the EDGES of that compartment.

8. “One or more.”

9. As a name of the class of Things to which the whole Diagram is
assigned.

10. A Proposition containing two statements. For example, “some
new Cakes are nice and some are not-nice.”

11. When the whole class, thus divided, is “exhausted” among the
sets into which it is divided, there being no member of it which
does not belong to some one of them. For example, the class “new
Cakes” is “exhaustively” divided into “nice” and “not-nice” since
EVERY new Cake must be one or the other.

12. When a man cannot make up his mind which of two parties he
will join, he is said to be “sitting on the fence”–not being able
to decide on which side he will jump down.

13. “Some x are y” and “no x are y’”.

14. A Proposition, whose Subject is a single Thing, is called
‘Individual’. For example, “I am happy”, “John is not at home”.
These are Universal Propositions, being the same as “all the I’s
that exist are happy”, “ALL the Johns, that I am now considering,
are not at home”.

15. Propositions beginning with “some” or “all”.

16. When they begin with “some” or “no”. For example, “some
abc are def” may be re-arranged as “some bf are acde”, each being
equivalent to “some abcdef exist”.

17. Some tigers are fierce, No tigers are not-fierce.

18. Some hard-boiled eggs are unwholesome, No hard-boiled
eggs are wholesome.

19. Some I’s are happy, No I’s are unhappy.

20. Some Johns are not at home, No Johns are at home.

21. The Things, in each compartment of the larger Diagram, possess
THREE Attributes, whose symbols will be found written at three of
the CORNERS of the compartment (except in the case of m’, which is
not actually inserted in the Diagram, but is SUPPOSED to stand at
each of its four outer corners).

22. If the Universe of Things be divided with regard to three
different Attributes; and if two Propositions be given, containing
two different couples of these Attributes; and if from these we
can prove a third Proposition, containing the two Attributes that
have not yet occurred together; the given Propositions are called
‘the Premisses’, the third one ‘the Conclusion’, and the whole set
‘a Syllogism’. For example, the Premisses might be “no m are x’”
and “all m’ are y”; and it might be possible to prove from them
a Conclusion containing x and y.

23. If an Attribute occurs in both Premisses, the Term containing
it is called ‘the Middle Term’. For example, if the Premisses are
“some m are x” and “no m are y’”, the class of “m-Things” is ‘the
Middle Term.’

If an Attribute occurs in one Premiss, and its contradictory in the
other, the Terms containing them may be called ‘the Middle Terms’.
For example, if the Premisses are “no m are x’” and “all m’ are
y”, the two classes of “m-Things” and “m’-Things” may be called
‘the Middle Terms’.

24. Because they can be marked with CERTAINTY: whereas AFFIRMATIVE
Propositions (that is, those that begin with “some” or “all”)
sometimes require us to place a red counter ‘sitting on a fence’.

25. Because the only question we are concerned with is whether the
Conclusion FOLLOWS LOGICALLY from the Premisses, so that, if THEY
were true, IT also would be true.

26. By understanding a red counter to mean “this compartment CAN
be occupied”, and a grey one to mean “this compartment CANNOT be
occupied” or “this compartment MUST be empty”.

27. ‘Fallacious Premisses’ and ‘Fallacious Conclusion’.

28. By finding, when we try to transfer marks from the larger
Diagram to the smaller, that there is ‘no information’ for any of
its four compartments.

29. By finding the correct Conclusion, and then observing that
the Conclusion, offered to us, is neither identical with it nor a
part of it.

30. When the offered Conclusion is PART of the correct Conclusion.
In this case, we may call it a ‘Defective Conclusion’.

2. Half of Smaller Diagram.

Propositions represented.

__________

——- ——-
| | | | | |
1. | | 1 | 2. | 0 | 1 |
| | | | | |
——- ——-

——- ——-
| | | | | |
3. | 1 | 1 | 4. | 0 | 0 |
| | | | | |
——- ——-

——- ——-
| | | | | |
5. | 1 | 6. | | 0 |
| | | | | |
——- ——-

——-
| | |
7. | 1 | 1 | It might be thought that the proper
| | |
——- ——-
| | |
Diagram would be | 1 1 |, in order to express “some
| | |
——-
x exist”: but this is really contained in “some x are y’.”
To put a red counter on the division-line would only tell
us “ONE OF THE compartments is occupied”, which we
know already, in knowing that ONE is occupied.
——-
| | |
8. No x are y. i.e. | 0 | |
| | |
——-

——-
| | |
9. Some x are y’. i.e. | | 1 |
| | |
——-

——-
| | |
10. All x are y. i.e. | 1 | 0 |
| | |
——-

——-
| | |
11. Some x are y. i.e. | 1 | |
| | |
——-

——-
| | |
12. No x are y. i.e. | 0 | |
| | |
——-

——-
| | |
13. Some x are y, and some are y’. i.e. | 1 | 1 |
| | |
——-

——-
| | |
14. All x are y’. i.e. | 0 | 1 |
| | |
——-
—
| |
15. No y are x’. i.e. |—|
| 0 |
—

—
| 1 |
16. All y are x. i.e. |—|
| 0 |
—

—
| 0 |
17. No y exist. i.e. |—|
| 0 |
—

—
| |
18. Some y are x’. i.e. |—|
| 1 |
—

—
| |
15. Some y exist. i.e. |-1-|
| |
—

3. Half of Smaller Diagram.

Symbols interpreted.

__________

1. No x are y’.

2. No x exist.

3. Some x exist.

4. All x are y’.

5. Some x are y. i.e. Some good riddles are hard.

6. All x are y. i.e. All good riddles are hard.

7. No x exist. i.e. No riddles are good.

8. No x are y. i.e. No good riddles are hard.

9. Some x are y’. i.e. Some lobsters are unselfish.

10. No x are y. i.e. No lobsters are selfish.

11. All x are y’. i.e. All lobsters are unselfish.

12. Some x are y, and some are y’. i.e. Some lobsters are
selfish, and some are unselfish.

13. All y’ are x’. i.e. All invalids are unhappy.

14. Some y’ exist. i.e. Some people are unhealthy.

15. Some y’ are x, and some are x’. i.e. Some invalids are
happy, and some are unhappy.

16. No y’ exist. i.e. Nobody is unhealthy.

4. Smaller Diagram.

Propositions represented.

__________

——- ——-
| 1 | | | | |
1. |—|—| 2. |—|—|
| 0 | | | 1 | |
——- ——-

——- ——-
| | | | | 1 |
3. |—|—| 4. |—|—|
| | 0 | | | |
——- ——-

——- ——-
| | 1 | | | |
5. |—|—| 6. |—|—|
| | | | 0 | |
——- ——-
——- ——-
| | | | | |
7. |—|—| 8. |—|—|
| | 1 | | 0 | 1 |
——- ——-

——- ——-
| | | | | |
9. |—|-1-| 10. |—|—|
| | | | 0 | 0 |
——- ——-
——- ——-
| 1 | | | 1 | 0 |
11. |—|—| 12. |—|—|
| 1 | | | | 1 |
——- ——-

——-
| | |
13. No x’ are y. i.e. |—|—|
| 0 | |
——-

——-
| | 0 |
14. All y’ are x’. i.e. |—|—|
| | 1 |
——-

——-
| | |
15. Some y’ exist. i.e. |—|-1-|
| | |
——-

——-
| 1 | 0 |
16. All y are x, and all x are y. i.e. |—|—|
| 0 | |
——-
——-
| | |
17. No x’ exist. i.e. |—|—|
| 0 | 0 |
——-

——-
| 0 | 1 |
18. All x are y’. i.e. |—|—|
| | |
——-

——-
| 0 | |
19. No x are y. i.e. |—|—|
| | |
——-

——-
| | |
20. Some x’ are y, and some are y’. i.e. |—|—|
| 1 | 1 |
——-

——-
| 0 | 1 |
21. No y exist, and some x exist. i.e. |—|—|
| 0 | |
——-

——-
| | 1 |
22. All x’ are y, and all y’ are x. i.e. |—|—|
| 1 | 0 |
——-

——-
| 1 | |
17. Some x are y, and some x’ are y’. i.e. |—|—|
| | 1 |
——-

5. Smaller Diagram.

Symbols interpreted.

__________

1. Some y are not-x, or, Some not-x are y.

2. No not-x are not-y, or, No not-y are not-x.

3. No not-y are x.

4. No not-x exist. i.e. No Things are not-x.

5. No y exist. i.e. No houses are two-storied.

6. Some x’ exist. i.e. Some houses are not built of brick.

7. No x are y’. Or, no y’ are x. i.e. No houses, built of
brick, are other than two-storied. Or, no houses, that
are not two-storied, are built of brick.

8. All x’ are y’. i.e. All houses, that are not built of
brick, are not two-storied.

9. Some x are y, and some are y’. i.e. Some fat boys are
active, and some are not.

10. All y’ are x’. i.e. All lazy boys are thin.

11. All x are y’, and all y’ are x. i.e. All fat boys
are lazy, and all lazy ones are fat.

12. All y are x, and all x’ are y. i.e. All active boys
are fat, and all thin ones are lazy.

13. No x exist, and no y’ exist. i.e. No cats have green eyes,
and none have bad tempers.

14. Some x are y’, and some x’ are y. Or some y are x’, and
some y’ are x. i.e. Some green-eyed cats are bad-tempered,
and some, that have not green eyes, are good-tempered.
Or, some good-tempered cats have not green eyes, and some
bad-tempered ones have green eyes.

15. Some x are y, and no x’ are y’. Or, some y are x, and
no y’ are x’. i.e. Some green-eyed cats are good-tempered, and
none, that are not green-eyed, are bad-tempered. Or, some
good-tempered cats have green eyes, and none, that are
bad-tempered, have not green eyes.

16. All x are y’, and all x’ are y. Or, all y are x’, and all
y’ are x. i.e. All green-eyed cats are bad-tempered and
all, that have not green eyes, are good-tempered. Or, all
good-tempered ones have eyes that are not green, and all
bad-tempered ones have green eyes.

6. Larger Diagram.

Propositions represented.

__________

————— —————
| | | | | |
| —|— | | —|— |
| | 0 | 0 | | | | | | |
1. |—|—|—|—| 2. |-1-|—|—|—|
| | | | | | | | | |
| —|— | | —|— |
| | | | | |
————— —————

————— —————
| | | | | 0 |
| —|— | | —|— |
| | 0 | 0 | | | | | | |
3. |—|—|—|—| 4. |—|—|—|—|
| | – | | | | | | |
| —|— | | —|— |
| | | | | 0 |
————— —————

————— —————
| 0 | | | | |
| —|— | | —|— |
| | 0 | 0 | | | | 0 | 1 | |
5. |—|—|—|—| 6. |—|—|—|—|
| | 1 | | | | | 0 | | |
| —|— | | —|— |
| 0 | | | | |
————— —————

————— —————
| | | | | 0 |
| —|— | | —|— |
| | 0 | 0 | | | | | | |
7. |—|—|—|—| 8. |—|—|—|—|
| | 0 | 1 | | | | 0 | 0 | |
| —|— | | —|— |
| | | | | 0 |
————— —————

—————
| | |
| —|— |
| | 0 | 0 | |
9. No x are m. i.e. |—|—|—|—|
| | 0 | | |
| —|— |
| | |
—————

—————
| | |
| —|— |
| | | | |
10. Some m’ are y. i.e. |-1-|—|—|—|
| | | | |
| —|— |
| | |
—————

—————
| | |
| —|— |
| | | 0 | |
11. All y’ are m’. i.e. |—|—|—|-1-|
| | | 0 | |
| —|— |
| | |
—————

—————
| | |
| —|— |
| | 0 | 0 | |
12. All m are x’. i.e. |—|—|—|—|
| | 1 | |
| —|— |
| | |
—————

—————
| 0 | |
| —|— |
| | 0 | 0 | |
13. No x are m; i.e. |—|—|—|—|
All y are m. | | 1 | | |
| —|— |
| 0 | |
—————

—————
| 0 | 0 |
| —|— |
| | | | |
14. All m’ are y; i.e. |—|—|—|—|
No x are m’. | | | | |
| —|— |
| 1 | 0 |
—————

—————
| 0 | 0 |
| —|— |
| | 1 | 0 | |
15. All x are m; i.e. |—|—|—|—|
No m are y’. | | | 0 | |
| —|— |
| | |
—————

—————
| 0 | 0 |
| —|— |
| | | | |
16. All m’ are y’; i.e. |—|—|—|—|
No x are m’. | | | | |
| —|— |
| 0 | 1 |
—————

—————
| 0 | 0 |
| —|— |
| | 1 | 0 | |
17. All x are m; i.e. |—|—|—|—|
All m are y. | | | 0 | |
| —|— |
[See remarks on No. 7, p. 60.] | | |
—————

—————
| 0 | |
| —|— |
| | | | |
18. No x’ are m; i.e. |—|—|—|—|
No m’ are y. | | 0 | 0 | |
| —|— |
| 0 | |
—————

—————
| | |
| —|— |
| | 1 | 0 | |
19. All m are x; i.e. |—|—|—|—|
All m are y. | | 0 | 0 | |
| —|— |
| | |
—————

20. We had better take “persons” as Universe. We
may choose “myself” as ‘Middle Term’, in which case
the Premisses will take the form

I am a-person-who-sent-him-to-bring-a-kitten;
I am a-person-to-whom-he-brought-a-kettle-by-mistake.

Or we may choose “he” as ‘Middle Term’, in which case the Premisses
will take the form

He is a-person-whom-I-sent-to-bring-me-a-kitten;
He is a-person-who-brought-me-a-kettle-by-mistake.

The latter form seems best, as the interest of the anecdote clearly
depends on HIS stupidity–not on what happened to ME. Let us then
make m = “he”; x = “persons whom I sent, &c.”; and y = “persons
who brought, &c.”

Hence, All m are x;
All m are y. and the required Diagram is

—————
| | |
| —|— |
| | 1 | 0 | |
|—|—|—|—|
| | 0 | 0 | |
| —|— |
| | |
—————

7. Both Diagrams employed.

——-
| 0 | |
1. |—|—| i.e. All y are x’.
| 1 | |
——-

——-
| | 1 |
2. |—|—| i.e. Some x are y’; or, Some y’ are x.
| | |
——-

——-
| | |
3. |—|—| i.e. Some y are x’; or, Some x’ are y.
| 1 | |
——-

——-
| | |
4. |—|—| i.e. No x’ are y’; or, No y’ are x’.
| | 0 |
——-

——-
| 0 | |
5. |—|—| i.e. All y are x’. i.e. All black rabbits
| 1 | | are young.
——-

——-
| | |
6. |—|—| i.e. Some y are x’. i.e. Some black
| 1 | | rabbits are young.
——-

——-
| 1 | 0 |
7. |—|—| i.e. All x are y. i.e. All well-fed birds
| | | are happy.
——-

——-
| | | i.e. Some x’ are y’. i.e. Some birds,
8. |—|—| that are not well-fed, are unhappy;
| | 1 | or, Some unhappy birds are not
——- well-fed.

——-
| 1 | 0 |
9. |—|—| i.e. All x are y. i.e. John has got a
| | | tooth-ache.
——-

——-
| | |
10. |—|—| i.e. No x’ are y. i.e. No one, but John,
| 0 | | has got a tooth-ache.
——-

——-
| 1 | |
11. |—|—| i.e. Some x are y. i.e. Some one, who
| | | has taken a walk, feels better.
——-

——-
| 1 | | i.e. Some x are y. i.e. Some one,
12. |—|—| whom I sent to bring me a kitten,
| | | brought me a kettle by mistake.
——-

—————
| | 0 |
| —|— |
| | 0 | 0 | |
13. |-1-|—|—|—| ——-
| | | | | | | 0 |
| —|— | |—|—|
| | 0 | | | |
————— ——-

Let “books” be Universe; m=”exciting”,
x=”that suit feverish patients”; y=”that make
one drowsy”.

No m are x; &there4 No y’ are x.
All m’ are y.

i.e. No books suit feverish patients, except such as make
one drowsy.

—————
| | |
| —|— |
| | 1 | 0 | |
14. |—|—|—|—| ——- | | | 0 | | | 1 | |
| —|— | |—|—|
| | | | | |
————— ——-

Let “persons” be Universe; m=”that deserve the fair”;
x=”that get their deserts”; y=”brave”.

Some m are x; &there4 Some y are x.
No y’ are m.

i.e. Some brave persons get their deserts.

—————
| 0 | |
| —|— |
| | 0 | 0 | |
15. |—|—|—|—| ——-
| | | | | | 0 | |
| —|— | |—|—|
| 0 | | | | |
————— ——-

Let “persons” be Universe; m=”patient”;
x=”children”; y=”that can sit still”.

No x are m; &there4 No x are y.
No m’ are y.

i.e. No children can sit still.

—————
| 0 | 0 |
| —|— |
| | 0 | 1 | |
16. |—|—|—|—| ——-
| | 0 | | | | 0 | 1 |
| —|— | |—|—|
| | | | | |
————— ——-

Let “things” be Universe; m=”fat”; x=”pigs”;
y=”skeletons”.

All x are m; &there4 All x are y’.
No y are m.

i.e. All pigs are not-skeletons.

—————
| | |
| —|— |
| | 0 | 0 | |
17. |—|—|—|—| ——-
| | 1 | 0 | | | | |
| —|— | |—|—|
| | | | 1 | |
————— ——-

Let “creatures” be Universe; m=”monkeys”;
x=”soldiers”; y=”mischievous”.

No m are x; &there4 Some y are x’.
All m are y.

i.e. Some mischievous creatures are not soldiers.

—————
| 0 | |
| —|— |
| | 0 | 0 | |
18. |—|—|—|—| ——-
| | | | | | 0 | |
| —|— | |—|—|
| 0 | | | | |
————— ——-

Let “persons” be Universe; m=”just”;
x=”my cousins”; y=”judges”.

No x are m; &there4 No x are y.
No y are m’.

i.e. None of my cousins are judges.

—————
| | |
| —|— |
| | 1 | 0 | |
19. |—|—|—|—| ——-
| | | | | | 1 | |
| —|— | |—|—|
| | | | | |
————— ——-

Let “periods” be Universe; m=”days”;
x=”rainy”; y=”tiresome”.

Some m are x; &there4 Some x are y.
All xm are y.

i.e. Some rainy periods are tiresome.

N.B. These are not legitimate Premisses, since the
Conclusion is really part of the second Premiss, so that the
first Premiss is superfluous. This may be shown, in letters,
thus:–

“All xm are y” contains “Some xm are y”, which
contains “Some x are y”. Or, in words, “All rainy days
are tiresome” contains “Some rainy days are tiresome”,
which contains “Some rainy periods are tiresome”.

Moreover, the first Premiss, besides being superfluous, is
actually contained in the second; since it is equivalent to
“Some rainy days exist”, which, as we know, is implied in
the Proposition “All rainy days are tiresome”.

Altogether, a most unsatisfactory Pair of Premisses!

—————
| 0 | |
| —|— |
| | 1 | | |
20. |—|—|—|—| ——-
| | 0 | 0 | | | 1 | |
| —|— | |—|—|
| 0 | | | 0 | |
————— ——-

Let “things” be Universe; m=”medicine”;
x=”nasty”; y=”senna”.

All m are x; &there4 All y are x.
All y are m.

i.e. Senna is nasty.

[See remarks on No. 7, p 60.]

—————
| | |
| —|— |
| | 0 | 1 | |
21. |-1-|—|—|—| ——-
| | 0 | | | | | 1 |
| —|— | |—|—|
| | | | | |
————— ——-

Let “persons” be Universe; m=”Jews”;
x=”rich”; y=”Patagonians”.

Some m are x; &there4 Some x are y’.
All y are m’.

i.e. Some rich persons are not Patagonians.

—————
| 0 | |
| —|— |
| | – | |
22. |—|—|—|—| ——-
| | 0 | 0 | | | | |
| —|— | |—|—|
| 0 | | | 0 | |
————— ——-

Let “creatures” be Universe; m=”teetotalers”;
x=”that like sugar”; y=”nightingales”.

All m are x; &there4 No y are x’.
No y are m’.

i.e. No nightingales dislike sugar.

—————
| | |
| —|— |
| | 0 | 0 | |
23. |-1-|—|—|—| ——-
| | 0 | | | | | |
| —|— | |—|—|
| | | | | |
————— ——-

Let “food” be Universe; m=”wholesome”;
x=”muffins”; y=”buns”.

No x are m;
All y are m.

There is ‘no information’ for the smaller Diagram; so
no Conclusion can be drawn.

—————
| | |
| —|— |
| | 0 | 0 | |
24. |—|—|—|—| ——-
| | 1 | | | | | |
| —|— | |—|—|
| | | | 1 | |
————— ——-

Let “creatures” be Universe; m=”that run well”;
x=”fat”; y=”greyhounds”.

No x are m; &there4 Some y are x’.
Some y are m.

i.e. Some greyhounds are not fat.

—————
| | |
| —|— |
| | – | |
25. |-1-|—|—|—| ——-
| | 0 | 0 | | | | |
| —|— | |—|—|
| | | | | |
————— ——-

Let “persons” be Universe; m=”soldiers”;
x=”that march”; y=”youths”.

All m are x;
Some y are m’.

There is ‘no information’ for the smaller Diagram; so
no Conclusion can be drawn.

—————
| 0 | 0 |
| —|— |
| | 0 | 1 | |
26. |—|—|—|—| ——-
| | 0 | | | | 0 | 1 |
| —|— | |—|—|
| 1 | | | 1 | |
————— ——-

Let “food” be Universe; m=”sweet”;
x=”sugar”; y=”salt”.

All x are m; &there4 All x are y’.
All y are m’. All y are x’.

i.e. Sugar is not salt.
Salt is not sugar.

—————
| | |
| —|— |
| | 1 | 0 | |
27. |—|—|—|—| ——-
| | | 0 | | | 1 | |
| —|— | |—|—|
| | | | | |
————— ——-

Let “Things” be Universe; m=”eggs”;
x=”hard-boiled”; y=”crackable”.

Some m are x; &there4 Some x are y.
No m are y’.

i.e. Some hard-boiled things can be cracked.

—————
| 0 | |
| —|— |
| | 0 | 0 | |
28. |—|—|—|—| ——-
| | | | | | 0 | |
| —|— | |—|—|
| 0 | | | | |
————— ——-

Let “persons” be Universe; m=”Jews”; x=”that
are in the house”; y=”that are in the garden”.

No m are x; &there4 No x are y.
No m’ are y.

i.e. No persons, that are in the house, are also in
the garden.

—————
| 0 | 0 |
| —|— |
| | – | |
29. |—|—|—|—| ——-
| | | | | | | |
| —|— | |—|—|
| 1 | 0 | | 1 | |
————— ——-

Let “Things” be Universe; m=”noisy”;
x=”battles”; y=”that may escape notice”.

All x are m; &there4 Some x’ are y.
All m’ are y.

i.e. Some things, that are not battles, may escape notice.

—————
| 0 | |
| —|— |
| | 0 | 0 | |
30. |—|—|—|—| ——-
| | 1 | | | | 0 | |
| —|— | |—|—|
| 0 | | | 1 | |
————— ——-

Let “persons” be Universe; m=”Jews”;
x=”mad”; y=”Rabbis”.

No m are x; &there4 All y are x’.
All y are m.

i.e. All Rabbis are sane.

—————
| | |
| —|— |
| | 1 | | |
31. |—|—|—|—| ——-
| | 0 | 0 | | | 1 | |
| —|— | |—|—|
| | | | | |
————— ——-

Let “Things” be Universe; m=”fish”;
x=”that can swim”; y=”skates”.

No m are x’; &there4 Some y are x.
Some y are m.

i.e. Some skates can swim.

—————
| | |
| —|— |
| | 0 | 0 | |
32. |—|—|—|—| ——-
| | 1 | | | | | |
| —|— | |—|—|
| | | | 1 | |
————— ——-

Let “people” be Universe; m=”passionate”;
x=”reasonable”; y=”orators”.

All m are x’; &there4 Some y are x’.
Some y are m.

i.e. Some orators are unreasonable.

[See remarks on No. 7, p. 60.]

CHAPTER IV.

HIT OR MISS.

“Thou canst not hit it, hit it, hit it,
Thou canst not hit it, my good man.”

__________

1. Pain is wearisome; No pain is eagerly wished for.

2. No bald person needs a hair-brush; No lizards have hair.

3. All thoughtless people do mischief; No thoughtful person
forgets a promise.

4. I do not like John; Some of my friends like John.

5. No potatoes are pine-apples; All pine-apples are nice.

6. No pins are ambitious; No needles are pins.

7. All my friends have colds; No one can sing who has a cold.

8. All these dishes are well-cooked; Some dishes are unwholesome
if not well-cooked.

9. No medicine is nice; Senna is a medicine.

10. Some oysters are silent; No silent creatures are amusing.

11. All wise men walk on their feet; All unwise men walk on
their hands.

12. “Mind your own business; This quarrel is no business of
yours.”

13. No bridges are made of sugar; Some bridges are picturesque.

14. No riddles interest me that can be solved; All these
riddles are insoluble.

15. John is industrious; All industrious people are happy.

16. No frogs write books; Some people use ink in writing
books.

17. No pokers are soft; All pillows are soft.

18. No antelope is ungraceful; Graceful animals delight the
eye.

19. Some uncles are ungenerous; All merchants are generous.

20. No unhappy people chuckle; No happy people groan.

21. Audible music causes vibration in the air; Inaudible
music is not worth paying for.

22. He gave me five pounds; I was delighted.

23. No old Jews are fat millers; All my friends are old
millers.

24. Flour is good for food; Oatmeal is a kind of flour.

25. Some dreams are terrible; No lambs are terrible.

26. No rich man begs in the street; All who are not rich
should keep accounts.

27. No thieves are honest; Some dishonest people are found
out.

28. All wasps are unfriendly; All puppies are friendly.

29. All improbable stories are doubted; None of these
stories are probable.

30. “He told me you had gone away.” “He never says one word
of truth.”

31. His songs never last an hour; A song, that lasts an
hour, is tedious.

32. No bride-cakes are wholesome; Unwholesome food should
be avoided.

33. No old misers are cheerful; Some old misers are thin.

34. All ducks waddle; Nothing that waddles is graceful.

35. No Professors are ignorant; Some ignorant people are
conceited.

36. Toothache is never pleasant; Warmth is never unpleasant.

37. Bores are terrible; You are a bore.

38. Some mountains are insurmountable; All stiles can be
surmounted.
39. No Frenchmen like plumpudding; All Englishmen like
plumpudding.

40. No idlers win fame; Some painters are not idle.

41. No lobsters are unreasonable; No reasonable creatures
expect impossibilities.

42. No kind deed is unlawful; What is lawful may be done
without fear.

43. No fossils can be crossed in love; Any oyster may be
crossed in love.

44. “This is beyond endurance!” “Well, nothing beyond
endurance has ever happened to me.”

45. All uneducated men are shallow; All these students are
educated.

46. All my cousins are unjust; No judges are unjust.

47. No country, that has been explored, is infested
by dragons; Unexplored countries are fascinating.

48. No misers are generous; Some old men are not generous.

49. A prudent man shuns hyaenas; No banker is imprudent.

50. Some poetry is original; No original work is producible
at will.

51. No misers are unselfish; None but misers save egg-shells.

52. All pale people are phlegmatic; No one, who is not
pale, looks poetical.

53. All spiders spin webs; Some creatures, that do not spin
webs, are savage.

54. None of my cousins are just; All judges are just.

55. John is industrious; No industrious people are unhappy.

56. Umbrellas are useful on a journey; What is useless on
a journey should be left behind.

57. Some pillows are soft; No pokers are soft.

58. I am old and lame; No old merchant is a lame gambler.

59. No eventful journey is ever forgotten; Uneventful
journeys are not worth writing a book about.

60. Sugar is sweet; Some sweet things are liked by children.

61. Richard is out of temper; No one but Richard can ride
that horse.

62. All jokes are meant to amuse; No Act of Parliament is
a joke.

63. “I saw it in a newspaper.” “All newspapers tell lies.”

64. No nightmare is pleasant; Unpleasant experiences are
not anxiously desired.

65. Prudent travellers carry plenty of small change; Imprudent
travellers lose their luggage.

66. All wasps are unfriendly; No puppies are unfriendly.

67. He called here yesterday; He is no friend of mine.

68. No quadrupeds can whistle; Some cats are quadrupeds.

69. No cooked meat is sold by butchers; No uncooked meat
is served at dinner.

70. Gold is heavy; Nothing but gold will silence him.

71. Some pigs are wild; There are no pigs that are not fat.

72. No emperors are dentists; All dentists are dreaded by
children.

73. All, who are not old, like walking; Neither you nor I
are old.

74. All blades are sharp; Some grasses are blades.

75. No dictatorial person is popular; She is dictatorial.

76. Some sweet things are unwholesome; No muffins are sweet.

77. No military men write poetry; No generals are civilians.

78. Bores are dreaded; A bore is never begged to prolong
his visit.

79. All owls are satisfactory; Some excuses are unsatisfactory.

80. All my cousins are unjust; All judges are just.

81. Some buns are rich; All buns are nice.

82. No medicine is nice; No pills are unmedicinal.

83. Some lessons are difficult; What is difficult needs
attention.

84. No unexpected pleasure annoys me; Your visit is an
unexpected pleasure.

85. Caterpillars are not eloquent; Jones is eloquent.

86. Some bald people wear wigs; All your children have
hair.

87. All wasps are unfriendly; Unfriendly creatures are
always unwelcome.

88. No bankrupts are rich; Some merchants are not bankrupts.

89. Weasels sometimes sleep; All animals sometimes sleep.

90. Ill-managed concerns are unprofitable; Railways are
never ill-managed.

91. Everybody has seen a pig; Nobody admires a pig.

______________

Extract a Pair of Premisses out of each of the following: and
deduce the Conclusion, if there is one:–

92. “The Lion, as any one can tell you who has been chased by them
as often as I have, is a very savage animal: and there are certain
individuals among them, though I will not guarantee it as a general
law, who do not drink coffee.”

93. “It was most absurd of you to offer it! You might have known,
if you had had any sense, that no old sailors ever like gruel!”

“But I thought, as he was an uncle of yours–”

“An uncle of mine, indeed! Stuff!”

“You may call it stuff, if you like. All I know is, MY uncles are
all old men: and they like gruel like anything!”

“Well, then YOUR uncles are–”

94. “Do come away! I can’t stand this squeezing any more. No
crowded shops are comfortable, you know very well.”

“Well, who expects to be comfortable, out shopping?”

“Why, I do, of course! And I’m sure there are some shops, further
down the street, that are not crowded. So–”

95. “They say no doctors are metaphysical organists: and that lets
me into a little fact about YOU, you know.”

“Why, how do you make THAT out? You never heard me play the organ.”

“No, doctor, but I’ve heard you talk about Browning’s poetry: and
that showed me that you’re METAPHYSICAL, at any rate. So–”

___________________

Extract a Syllogism out of each of the following: and
test its correctness:–

96. “Don’t talk to me! I’ve known more rich merchants than you
have: and I can tell you not ONE of them was ever an old miser
since the world began!”

“And what has that got to do with old Mr. Brown?”

“Why, isn’t he very rich?”

“Yes, of course he is. And what then?”

“Why, don’t you see that it’s absurd to call him a miserly merchant?
Either he’s not a merchant, or he’s not a miser!”

97. “It IS so kind of you to enquire! I’m really feeling a great
deal better to-day.”

“And is it Nature, or Art, that is to have the credit of this happy
change?”

“Art, I think. The Doctor has given me some of that patent medicine
of his.”

“Well, I’ll never call him a humbug again. There’s SOMEBODY, at
any rate, that feels better after taking his medicine!”

98. “No, I don’t like you one bit. And I’ll go and play with my
doll. DOLLS are never unkind.”

“So you like a doll better than a cousin? Oh you little silly!”

“Of course I do! COUSINS are never kind–at least no cousins I’ve
ever seen.”

“Well, and what does THAT prove, I’d like to know! If you mean
that cousins aren’t dolls, who ever said they were?”

99. “What are you talking about geraniums for? You can’t tell
one flower from another, at this distance! I grant you they’re
all RED flowers: it doesn’t need a telescope to know THAT.”

“Well, some geraniums are red, aren’t they?”

“I don’t deny it. And what then? I suppose you’ll be telling me
some of those flowers are geraniums!”

“Of course that’s what I should tell you, if you’d the sense to
follow an argument! But what’s the good of proving anything to
YOU, I should like to know?”

100. “Boys, you’ve passed a fairly good examination, all things
considered. Now let me give you a word of advice before I go.
Remember that all, who are really anxious to learn, work HARD.”

“I thank you, Sir, in the name of my scholars! And proud am I to
think there are SOME of them, at least, that are really ANXIOUS to
learn.”

“Very glad to hear it: and how do you make it out to be so?”

“Why, Sir, I know how hard they work–some of them, that is. Who
should know better?”

___________________

Extract from the following speech a series of Syllogisms, or
arguments having the form of Syllogisms: and test their correctness.

It is supposed to be spoken by a fond mother, in answer to a friend’s
cautious suggestion that she is perhaps a LITTLE overdoing it, in
the way of lessons, with her children.

101. “Well, they’ve got their own way to make in the world. WE
can’t leave them a fortune apiece. And money’s not to be had, as
YOU know, without money’s worth: they must WORK if they want to
live. And how are they to work, if they don’t know anything? Take
my word for it, there’s no place for ignorance in THESE times! And
all authorities agree that the time to learn is when you’re young.
One’s got no memory afterwards, worth speaking of. A child will
learn more in an hour than a grown man in five. So those, that
have to learn, must learn when they’re young, if ever they’re to
learn at all. Of course that doesn’t do unless children are HEALTHY:
I quite allow THAT. Well, the doctor tells me no children are
healthy unless they’ve got a good colour in their cheeks. And only
just look at my darlings! Why, their cheeks bloom like peonies!
Well, now, they tell me that, to keep children in health, you
should never give them more than six hours altogether at lessons
in the day, and at least two half-holidays in the week. And that’s
EXACTLY our plan I can assure you! We never go beyond six hours,
and every Wednesday and Saturday, as ever is, not one syllable of
lessons do they do after their one o’clock dinner! So how you can
imagine I’m running any risk in the education of my precious pets
is more than I can understand, I promise you!”

THE END.

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Scanned by Gregory D. Weeks
Transcribed by L. Lynn Smith
Proofed by Reina Hosier and Brett Fishburne

WITH

COMPLETE INDICES OF AUTHORS AND SUBJECTS.

edited by John Bartlett

* * * * *

NEW YORK: HURST & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS.

PREFACE.

The object of this work is to show, to some extent, the obligations our
language owes to various authors for numerous phrases and familiar
quotations which have become “household words.”

This Collection, originally made without any view of publication, has
been considerably enlarged by additions from an English work on a
similar plan, and is now sent forth with the hope that it may be found a
convenient book of reference.

Though perhaps imperfect in some respects, it is believed to possess the
merit of accuracy, as the quotations have been taken from the original
sources.

Should this be favorably received, endeavors will be made to make it
more worthy of the approbation of the public in a future edition.

INDEX OF AUTHORS.

Addison, Joseph
Akenside, Mark
Aldrich, James
Austin, Mrs. Sarah
Bacon, Francis
Bailey, Philip James
Barbauld, Mrs
Barnfield, Richard
Barrett, Eaton Stannard
Basse, William
Baxter, Richard
Beattie, James
Beaumont, Francis
Berkeley, Bishop
Blair, Robert
Bolingbroke, Lord
Booth, Barton
Brown, Tom
Brown, John
Bryant, William Cullen
Bunyan, John
Burns, Robert
Butler, Samuel
Byrom, John
Byron, Lord
Campbell, Thomas
Canning, George
Carew, Thomas
Carey, Henry
Cervantes, Miguel de
Charles II
Churchill, Charles
Cibber, Colley
Coke, Lord
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor
Collins, William
Colman, George
Congreve, William
Cotton, Nathaniel
Cowley, Abraham
Cowper, William
Crabbe, George
Cranch, Christopher P.
Crashaw, Richard
Defoe, Daniel
Dekker, Thomas
Denham, Sir John
Doddridge, Philip
Dodsley, Robert
Donne, Dr. John
Drake, Joseph Rodman
Dryden, John
Dyer, John
Everett, David
Franklin, Benjamin
Fletcher, Andrew
Fouche, Joseph
Fuller, Thomas
Garrick, David
Gay, John
Goldsmith, Oliver
Grafton, Richard
Gray, Thomas
Green, Matthew
Greene, Albert G.
Greville, Fulke (Lord Brooke)
Halleck, Fitz-Greene
Herbert, George
Herrick, Robert
Hervey, Thomas K.
Hill, Aaron
Hobbes, Thomas
Holy Scriptures
Holmes, Oliver Wendell
Home, John
Hood, Thomas
Hopkinson, Joseph
Irving, Washington
Johnson, Samuel
Jones, Sir William
Jonson, Ben
Keats, John
Key, F.S.
Kempis, Thomas a
Lamb, Charles
Langhorn, John
Lee, Nathaniel
L’Estrange, Roger
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth
Lowell, James Russell
Lovelace, Sir Richard
Lyttelton, Lord
Lytton, Edward Bulwer
Macaulay, Thomas Babington
Marlowe, Christopher
Mickle, William Julius
Milnes, Richard Monckton
Milton, John,
Montague, Lady Mary Wortley
Montrose, Marquis of
Moore, Edward
Moore, Thomas
Morris, Charles
Morton, Thomas
Moss, Thomas
Norris, John
Otway, Thomas
Paine, Thomas
Palafox, Don Joseph
Parnell, Thomas
Percy, Thomas
Philips, John
Pollok, Robert
Pope, Alexander
Porteus, Beilby
Prior, Matthew
Proctor, Bryan Walter
Quarles, Francis
Rabelais, Francis
Raleigh, Sir Walter
Randolph, John
Rochefoucauld, Duc de
Rochester, Earl of
Rogers, Samuel
Roscommon, Earl of
Rowe, Nicholas
Savage, Richard
Scott, Sir Walter
Sewall, Jonathan M.
Sewell, Dr. George
Shakespeare, William
Sheffield, Duke of Buckinghamshire
Shenstone, William
Sheridan, Richard Brinsley
Shirley, James
Sidney, Sir Philip
Smollett, Tobias
Southern, Thomas
Southey, Robert
Spencer, William R.
Spenser, Edmund
Sprague, Charles
Steers, Miss Fanny
Sterne, Laurence
Suckling, Sir John
Swift, Jonathan
Sylvester, Joshua
Taylor, Henry
Tennyson, Alfred
Tertullian
Theobald, Louis
Thomson, James
Thrale, Mrs
Tickell, Thomas
Trumbull, John
Tuke, Sir Samuel
Tusser, Thomas
Uhland, John Louis
Walcott John (Peter Pindar)
Waller, Edmund
Warburton, Thomas
Watts, Isaac
Wither, George
Wolfe, Charles
Woodsworth, Samuel
Wordsworth, William
Wotton, Sir Henry
Young, Edward

A COLLECTION OF FAMILIAR QUOTATIONS

* * * * *

HOLY SCRIPTURES.

* * * * *

OLD TESTAMENT.

Genesis ii. 18.

It is not good that the man should be alone

Genesis iii. 19.

For dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return.

Genesis iv. 9.

Am I my brother’s keeper?

Genesis iv. 13.

My punishment is greater than I can bear

Genesis ix. 6.

Whoso sheddeth man’s blood, by man shall his blood be shed.

Genesis xvi. 12.

His hand will be against every man, and every man’s hand against him.

Genesis xlii. 38.

Bring down my gray hairs with sorrow to the grave.

Genesis xlix. 4.

Unstable as water, thou shalt not excel.

Deuteronomy xix. 21.

Eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot.

Deuteronomy xxxii. 10.

He kept him as the apple of his eye.

Judges xvi. 9.

The Philistines be upon thee, Samson.

Ruth i. 16.

For whither thou goest, I will go; and where thou lodgest, I will lodge:
thy people shall be my people, and thy God my God.

Samuel xiii. 14.

A man after his own heart.

Samuel i. 20.

Tell it not in Gath; publish it not in the streets of Ashkelon

Samuel i. 23.

Saul and Jonathan were lovely and pleasant in their lives, and in their
death they were not divided.

Samuel i. 25.

How are the mighty fallen in the midst of the battle!

Samuel i. 26.

Very pleasant hast thou been unto me: thy love to me was wonderful,
passing the love of women.

Samuel xii. 7.

And Nathan said to David, Thou art the man.

Kings ix, 7.

A proverb and a by-word among all people,

Kings xviii. 21.

How long halt ye between two opinions?

Kings xviii. 44.

Behold, there ariseth a little cloud out of the sea, like a man’s hand.

Kings xix. 12.

A still, small voice.

Kings xx. 11.

Let not him that girdeth on his harness boast himself as he that putteth
it off.

Kings iv. 40.

There is death in the pot.

Job i. 21.

The Lord gave, and the Lord hath taken away; blessed be the name of the
Lord.

Job iii. 17.

There the wicked cease from troubling, and there the weary be at rest.

Job v. 7.

Yet man is born unto trouble, as the sparks fly upward.

Job xvi. 2.

Miserable comforters are ye all.

Job xix. 25.

I know that my Redeemer liveth.

Job xxviii. 18.

The price of wisdom is above-rubies.

Job xxix. 15.

I was eyes to the blind, and feet was I to the lame.

Job xxxi. 35.

That mine adversary had written a book.

Job xxxviii. 11.

Hitherto shalt thou come, but no further; and here shall thy proud waves
be stayed.

Psalm xvi. 6.

The lines are fallen unto me in pleasant places.

Psalm xviii. 10.

Yea, he did fly upon the wings of the wind.

Psalm xxiii. 2.

He maketh me to lie down in green pastures he leadeth me beside the
still waters.

Psalm xxiii. 4.

Thy rod and thy staff they comfort me.

Psalm xxxvii. 25.

I have been young, and now am old; yet have I not seen the righteous
forsaken, nor his seed begging bread.

Psalm xxxvii. 35.

Spreading himself like a green bay tree.

Psalm xxxvii. 37.

Mark the perfect man, and behold the upright.

Psalm xxxix. 3.

While I was musing the fire burned.

Psalm xlv. 1.

My tongue is the pen of a ready writer.

Psalm lv. 6.

Oh, that I had wings like a dove!

Psalm lxxii. 9.

His enemies shall lick the dust.

Psalm lxxxv. 10.

Mercy and truth are met together: righteousness and peace have kissed
each other.

Psalm xc. 9.

We spend our years as a tale that is told.

Psalm cvii. 27.

They reel to and fro, and stagger like a drunken man, and are at their
wit’s end.

Psalm cxxvii. 2.

He giveth his beloved sleep.

Psalm cxxxiii. 1.

Behold, how good and how pleasant it is for brethren to dwell together
in unity!

Psalm cxxxvii. 5.

If I forget thee, O Jerusalem, let my right hand forget her cunning.

Psalm cxxxvii. 2.

We hanged our harps on the willows.

Psalm cxxxix. 14.

For I am fearfully and wonderfully made.

Proverbs iii. 17.

Her ways are ways of pleasantness, and all her paths are peace.

Proverbs xi. 14.

In the multitude of counsellors there is safety.

Proverbs xiii. 12.

Hope deferred maksth the heart sick.

Proverbs xiv. 9.

Fools make a mock at sin.

Proverbs xiv. 10.

The heart knoweth his own bitterness.

Proverbs xiv. 34.

Righteousness exalteth a nation.

Proverbs xv. 1.

A soft answer turneth away wrath.

Proverbs xv. 17.

Better is a dinner of herbs where love is, than a stalled ox and hatred
therewith.

Proverbs xvi. 18.

Pride goeth before destruction, and a haughty spirit before a fall.

Proverbs xvi. 31.

The hoary head is a crown of glory.

Proverbs xviii. 14.

A wounded spirit who can bear?

Proverbs xxii. 6.

Train up a child in the way he should go; and when he is old he will not
depart from it.

Proverbs xxiii. 5.

For riches certainly make themselves wings.

Proverbs xxiv. 33.

Yet a little sleep, a little slumber, a little folding of the hands to
sleep.

Proverbs xxv. 22.

For thou shalt heap coals of fire upon his head.

Proverbs xxvi. 13.

There is a lion in the way; a lion is in the streets.

Proverbs xxvii. 1.

Boast not thyself of to-morrow; for thou knowest not what a day may
bring forth.

Proverbs xxviii. 1.

The wicked flee when no man pursueth.

Ecclesiastes i. 9.

There is no new thing under the sun.

Ecclesiastes i. 14.

All is vanity and vexation of spirit.

Ecclesiastes v. 12.

The sleep of a laboring man is sweet.

Ecclesiastes vii. 2.

It is better to go to the house of mourning than to go to the house of
feasting.

Ecclesiastes vii. 16.

Be not righteous overmuch

Ecclesiastes ix. 4.

For a living dog is better than a dead lion,

Ecclesiastes ix. 10.

Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do, do it with thy might.

Ecclesiastes ix. 11.

The race is not to the swift, nor the battle to the strong.

Ecclesiastes xi. 1.

Cast thy bread upon the waters; for thou shalt find it after many days.

Ecclesiastes xii. 1.

Remember now thy Creator in the days of thy youth.

Ecclesiastes xii. 5.

And the grasshopper shall be a burden.

Ecclesiastes xii. 5.

Man goeth to his long home.

Ecclesiastes xii. 6.

Or ever the silver cord be loosed, or the golden bowl be broken, or the
pitcher be broken at the fountain, or the wheel broken at the cistern.

Ecclesiastes xii. 7.

Then shall the dust return to the earth as it was; and the spirit shall
return unto God who gave it.

Ecclesiastes xii. 8.

Vanity of vanities, saith the Preacher; all is vanity.

Ecclesiastes xii. 12.

Of making many books there is no end; and much study is a weariness of
the flesh.

Isaiah xi. 6.

The wolf also shall dwell with the lamb, and the leopard shall lie down
with the kid.

Isaiah xxviii. 10.

Precept upon precept; line upon line: here a little, and there a little.

Isaiah xxxviii. 1.

Set thine house in order.

Isaiah xl. 6.

All flesh is grass.

Isaiah xl. 15.

Behold, the nations are as a drop of a bucket, and are counted as the
small dust of the balance.

Isaiah xlii. 3.

A bruised reed shall he not break, and the smoking flax shall he not
quench.

Isaiah liii. 7.

He is brought as a lamb to the slaughter.

Isaiah lx. 22.

A little one shall become a thousand, and a small one a strong nation.

Isaiah lxi. 3.

To give unto them beauty for ashes, the oil of joy for mourning, the
garment of praise for the spirit of heaviness.

Isaiah lxiv. 6.

We all do fade as a leaf.

Jeremiah vii. 3.

Amend your ways and your doings.

Jeremiah viii. 22.

Is there no balm in Gilead? is there no physician there?

Jeremiah xiii. 23.

Can the Ethiopian change his skin, or the leopard his spots?

Ezekiel xviii. 2.

The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the children’s teeth are set on
edge.

Daniel v. 27.

Thou art weighed in the balances, and art found wanting.

Daniel vi. 12.

The thing is true, according to the law of the Medes and Persians, which
altereth not.

Hosea viii. 7.

For they have sown the wind, and they shall reap the whirlwind.

Micah iv. 3.

And they shall beat their swords into plough-shares, and their spears
into pruning-hooks.

Micah iv. 4.

But they shall sit every man under his vine and under his fig tree.

Habakkuk ii. 2.

Write the vision, and make it plain upon tables, that he may run that
readeth it.

Malachi iv. 2.

But unto you that fear my name shall the Sun of righteousness arise with
healing in his wings.

Ecelesiasticus xiii. 1.

He that toucheth pitch shall be defiled therewith.

Ecelesiasticus xiii. 7.

He will laugh thee to scorn.

* * * * *

COMMON PRAYER.

Morning Prayer.

We have left undone those things which we ought to have done; and we
have done those things which we ought not to have done.

Psalm cv. 18.

The iron entered into his soul. Collect for the Second Sunday in Advent.
Read, mark, learn, and inwardly digest.

The Burial Service.

In the midst of life we are in death. Earth to earth, ashes to ashes,
dust to dust.

* * * * *

NEW TESTAMENT.

Matthew ii. 18.

Rachel weeping for her children, and would not be comforted, because
they are not.

Matthew iv. 4.

Man shall not live by bread alone.

Matthew v. 13.

Ye are the salt of the earth: but if the salt have lost his savor,
wherewith shall it be salted?

Matthew v. 14.

Ye are the light of the world. A city set upon a hill cannot be hid.

Matthew vi. 3.

But when thou doest alms, let not thy left hand know what thy right hand
doeth.

Matthew vi. 21.

Where your treasure is, there will your heart be also.

Matthew vi. 24.

Ye cannot serve God and Mammon.

Matthew vi. 28.

Consider the lilies of the field, how they grow; they toil not, neither
do they spin.

Matthew vi. 34.

Take therefore no thought for the morrow; for the morrow shall take
thought for the things of itself. Sufficient unto the day is the evil
thereof.

Matthew vii. 6.

Neither cast ye your pearls before swine.

Matthew vii. 7.

Ask, and it shall be given you; seek, and ye shall find; knock, and it
shall be opened unto you.

Matthew viii. 20.

The foxes have holes, and the birds of the air have nests; but the Son
of Man hath not where to lay his head.

Matthew ix. 37.

The harvest truly is plenteous, but the laborers are few.

Matthew x. 16.

Be ye therefore wise as serpents, and harmless as doves.

Matthew x. 30.

But the very hairs of your head are all numbered.

Matthew xii. 33.

The tree is known by his fruit.

Matthew xii. 34.

Out of the abundance of the heart the mouth speaketh.

Matthew xiii. 57.

A prophet is not without honor, save in his own country, and in his own
house.

Matthew xiv. 27.

Be of good cheer: it is I; be not afraid.

Matthew xv. 14.

And if the blind lead the blind, both shall fall into the ditch.

Matthew xv. 27.

Yet the dogs eat of the crumbs which fall from their masters’ table.

Matthew xvi. 23.

Get thee behind me, Satan.

Matthew xvi. 26.

For what is a man profited, if he shall gain the whole world, and lose
his own soul?

Matthew xvii. 4.

It is good for us to be here.

Matthew xix. 6.

What therefore God hath joined together let not man put asunder.

Matthew xix. 24.

It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a
rich man to enter into the kingdom of God.

Matthew xx. 15.

Is it not lawful for me to do what I will with mine own?

Matthew xxii. 14.

For many are called, but few are chosen.

Matthew xxiii. 24.

Ye blind guides! which strain at a gnat, and swallow a camel.

Matthew xxiii. 27.

For ye are like unto whited sepulchres, which indeed appear beautiful
outward, but are within full of dead men’s bones.

Matthew xxiv. 28.

For wheresoever the carcass is, there will the eagles be gathered
together.

Matthew xxv. 29.

Unto every one that hath shall be given, and he shall have abundance:
but from him that hath not shall be taken away even that which he hath.

Matthew xxvi. 41.

Watch and pray, that ye enter not into temptation: the spirit indeed is
willing, but the flesh is weak.

Mark iv. 9.

He that hath ears to hear, let him hear.

Mark v. 9.

My name is Legion.

Mark ix. 44.

Where their worm dieth not, and the fire is not quenched.

Luke iii. 9.

And now also the ax is laid unto the root of the trees.

Luke iv. 23.

Physician, heal thyself.

Luke x. 37.

Go, and do thou likewise.

Luke x. 42.

But one thing is needful: and Mary hath chosen that good part, which
shall not be taken away from her.

Luke xi. 23.

He that is not with me is against me.

Luke xii. 19.

And I will say to my soul, Soul, thou hast much goods laid up for many
years; take thine ease, eat, drink, and be merry.

Luke xii. 35.

Let your loins be girded about, and your lights burning.

Luke xvi. 8.

For the children of this world are in their generation wiser than the
children of light.

Luke xvii. 2.

It were better for him that a millstone were hanged about his neck, and
he cast into the sea.

Luke xvii. 32.

Remember Lot’s wife.

Luke xix. 22.

Out of thine own mouth will I judge thee.

John i. 29.

Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world!

John i. 46.

Can there any good thing come out of Nazareth?

John iii. 3.

Except a man be born again, he cannot see the kingdom of God.

John iii. 8.

The wind bloweth where it listeth.

John v. 35. He was a burning and a shining light.

John vi. 12.

Gather up the fragments that remain, that nothing be lost.

John vii. 24.

Judge not according to the appearance.

John xii. 8.

For the poor always ye have with you.

John xii, 35.

Walk while ye have the light, lest darkness come upon you.

John xiv. 1.

Let not your heart be troubled.

John xiv. 2.

In my Father’s house are many mansions.

John xv. 13.

Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his
friends.

Acts ix. 5.

It is hard for thee to kick against the pricks.

Acts xx. 35.

It is more blessed to give than to receive.

Romans ii. 11.

For there is no respect of persons with God.

Romans vi. 23.

For the wages of sin is death.

Romans viii. 28.

And we know that all things work together or good to them that love God.

Romans xii. 16.

Be not wise in your own conceits.

Romans xii. 20.

Therefore if thine enemy hunger, feed him; if he thirst, give him drink:
for in so doing thou shalt heap coals of fire on his head.

Romans xii. 21.

Be not overcome of evil, but overcome evil with good.

Romans xiii. 1.

The powers that be are ordained of God,

Romans xiii. 7.

Render therefore to all their dues.

Romans xiii. 10.

Love is the fulfilling of the law.

Romans xiv. 5.

Let every man be fully persuaded in his own mind.

1 Corinthians iii. 6.

I have planted, Apollos watered; but God gave the increase.

1 Corinthians iii. 13.

Every man’s work shall be made manifest,

1 Corinthians v. 3.

Absent in body, but present in spirit.

1 Corinthians v. 6.

Know ye not that a little leaven leaveneth the whole lump?

1 Corinthians vii. 31.

For the fashion of this world passeth away,

1 Corinthians ix. 22.

I am made all things to all men.

1 Corinthians x. 12.

Wherefore let him that thinketh he standeth take heed lest he fall.

1 Corinthians xiii. 1.

As sounding brass, or a tinkling cymbal.

1 Corinthians xiii. 11.

When I was a child I spake as a child.

1 Corinthians xiii. 12.

For now we see through a glass, darkly.

1 Corinthians xv. 33.

Be not deceived: evil communications corrupt good manners.

1 Corinthians xv. 47.

The first man is of the earth, earthy.

1 Corinthians xv. 55.

O death, where is thy sting? O grave, where is thy victory?

2 Corinthians v. 7.

We walk by faith, not by sight.

2 Corinthians vi. 2.

Behold, now is the accepted time,

2 Corinthians vi. 8.

By evil report and good report.

Galatians vi. 5.

For every man shall bear his own burden,

Galatians vi. 7.

Whatsoever a man soweth, that shall he also reap.

Ephesians iv. 26.

Be ye angry, and sin not: let not the sun go down upon your wrath.

Philippians i. 21.

For to me to live is Christ, and to die is gain.

Colossians ii. 21.

Touch not; taste not; handle not.

1 Thessalonians i. 3.

Remembering without ceasing your work of faith, and labor of love.

1 Thessalonians v. 21.

Prove all things; hold fast that which is good.

1 Timothy iii. 3,

Not greedy of filthy lucre.

1 Timothy v. 18.

The laborer is worthy of his reward.

1 Timothy v. 23.

Drink no longer water, but use a little wine for thy stomach’s sake.

1 Timothy vi. 10.

For the love of money is the root of all evil.

2 Timothy iv. 7.

I have fought a good fight, I have finished my course, I have kept the
faith.

Titus i. 15.

Unto the pure all things are pure.

Hebrews xi. 1.

Now faith is the substance of things hoped’ for, the evidence of things
not seen.

Hebrews xii. 6.

For whom the Lord loveth he chasteneth.

Hebrews xiii. 2.

Be not forgetful to entertain strangers, for thereby some have
entertained angels unawares.

James i. 12.

Blessed is the man that endureth temptation for when he is tried he
shall receive the crown of life.

James iii. P

Behold, how great a matter a little fire kindleth!

James iv. 7.

Resist the devil, and he will flee from you.

1 Peter iv. 8.

Charity shall cover the multitude of sins.

1 Peter v. 8.

Be sober, be vigilant; because your adversary the devil, as a roaring
lion, walketh about seeking whom he may devour.

2 Peter iii. 10.

But the day of the Lord will come as a thief in the night.

1 John iv. 18.

There is no fear in love; but perfect love casteth out fear.

Revelation ii. 10.

Be thou faithful unto death.

Revelation ii. 27.

He shall rule them with a rod of iron.

Revelation xxii. 13.

I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end, the first and the last.

* * * * *

SHAKESPEARE.

TEMPEST.

Act i. Sc. 2.

There’s nothing ill can dwell in such a
temple:
If the ill spirit have so fair a house,
Good things will strive to dwell with ‘t.

Act i. Sc. 2.

I will be correspondent to command,
And do my spiriting gently.

Act ii. Sc. 2.

A very ancient and fishlike smell.

Act ii. Sc. 2.

Misery acquaints a man with strange bed-fellows.

Act iv. Sc. 1.

Our revels row are ended: these our actors,
As I foretold you, were all spirits, and
Are melted into air, into thin air:
And, like the baseless fabric of this vision,
The cloud-capped towers, the gorgeous palaces,
The solemn temples, the great globe itself
Yea, all which it inherit, shall dissolve,
And, like an insubstantial pageant faded,
Leave not a rack behind.

Act iv. Sc. 1.

We are such stuff
As dreams are made of, and our little life
Is rounded with a sleep.

TWO GENTLEMEN OF VERONA.

Act i. Sc. 2.

I have no other but a woman’s reason;
I think him so, because I think him so.

Act iv. Sc. 1.

To make a virtue of necessity.

Act iv. Sc. 4.

Is she not passing fair?

MERRY WIVES OF WINDSOR.

Act ii. Sc. 1.

Faith, thou hast some crotchets in thy head now.

Act ii. Sc. 2.

Why, then the world’s mine oyster,
Which I with sword will open.

Act v. Sc. 1.

They say, there is divinity in odd numbers,
either in nativity, chance, or death.

TWELFTH NIGHT.

Act i. Sc. 1.

If music be the food of love, play on,
Give me excess of it; that, surfeiting,
The appetite may sicken, and so die.–
That strain again–it had a dying fall;
O, it came o’er my ear like the sweet south,
That breathes upon a bank of violets,
Stealing and giving odor.

Act i. Sc, 3.

I am sure care’s an enemy to life.

Act i. Sc. 5.

‘Tis beauty truly blent, whose red and white
Nature’s own sweet and cunning hand laid on.

Act ii. Sc. 3.

Dost thou think, because them art virtuous,
there shall be no more cakes and ale?

Act ii. Sc. 4.

She never told her love,
But let concealment, like a worm in the bud,
Feed on her damask cheek: she pined in thought,
And, with a green and yellow melancholy,
She sat, like Patience on a monument,
Smiling at grief.

Act iii. Sc. 1.

O, what a deal of scorn looks beautiful
In the contempt and anger of his lip!

Act iii. Sc. 1.

Love sought is good, but given unsought is
better.

Act iii. Sc, 2.

Let there be gall enough in thy ink; though
thou write with a goose-pen, no matter.

Act iii. Sc. 4.

Some are born great, some achieve greatness,
and some have greatness thrust upon them.

MEASURE FOR MEASURE.

Act i. Sc. 1.

Spirits are not finely touched
But to fine issues.

Act i. Sc. 5.

Our doubts are traitors,
And make us lose the good we oft might win,
By fearing to attempt.

Act ii. Sc. 2.

O, it is excellent
To have a giant’s strength; but it is tyrannous
To use it like a giant.

Act ii. Sc. 2.

But man, proud man!
Drest in a little brief authority,

* * * * *

Plays such fantastic tricks before high Heaven
As make the angels weep.

Act iii. Sc. 1.

The miserable have no other medicine,
But only hope.

Act iii. Sc. 1.

The sense of death is most in apprehension;
And the poor beetle that we tread upon
In corporal sufferance finds a pang as great
As when a giant dies.

Act iii. Sc. 1.

Ay, but to die, and go we know not where;
To lie in cold obstruction, and to rot.

Act iv. Sc. 1.

Take, O take those lips away,
That so sweetly were forsworn;
And those eyes, the break of day,
Lights that do mislead the morn;
But my kisses bring again,
Seals of love, but sealed in vain.[1]

[Note 1: This song; is found in "The Bloody Brother, or Rollo, Duke
of Normandy," by Beaumont and Fletcher, Act 5, Sc. 2, with the following
additional stanza:

"Hide, O hide those hills of snow,
Which thy frozen bosom bears,
On whose tops the fruits that grow
Are of those that April wears;
But first set my poor heart free.
Bound in those icy chains for thee."

There has been much controversy about the authorship, but the more
probable opinion seems to be that the second stanza was added by
Fletcher.]

MUCH ADO ABOUT NOTHING.

Act i. Sc. 1.

He hath indeed better bettered expectation.

Act ii. Sc. 1.

Friendship is constant in all other things,
Save in the office and affairs of love.
Therefore, all hearts in love use their own tongues;
Let every eye negotiate for itself,
And trust no other agent.

Act ii. Sc. 1.

Silence is the perfectest herald of joy; I were but little happy, if I
could say how much.

Act ii. Sc. 3.

Sits the wind in that corner?

Act ii. Sc. 3.

When I said I should die a bachelor, I did
not think I should live till I were married.

Act iii. Sc. 1.

Some, Cupid kills with arrows, some with
traps.

Act iii. Sc. 2.

Everyone can master a grief, but he that
Lath it.

Act iii. Sc. 3.

Are you good men and true?

Act iii. Sc. 3.

Is most tolerable, and not to be endured.

Act iii. Sc. 4.

Comparisons are odorous.

Act iv. Sc. 2.

O that he were here to write me down–an ass!

Act iv. Sc. 2.

A fellow that had losses.

Act v. Sc. 1.

For there was never yet philosopher
That could endure the toothache patiently.

MIDSUMMER NIGHT’S DREAM.

Act i. Sc. 1.

But earthly happier is the rose distilled
Than that which, withering on the virgin thorn
Grows, lives, and dies in single blessedness.

Act i. Sc. 1.

Ah me! for aught that ever I could read,
Could ever hear by tale or history,
The course of true love never did run smooth.

Act i. Sc. 1.

Love looks not with the eyes, but with the mind;
And therefore is winged Cupid painted blind.

Act i. Sc. 2.

A proper man as any one shall see in a summer’s day.

Act ii. Sc. 2.

In maiden meditation, fancy free.

Act ii. Sc. 2.

I’ll put a girdle round about the earth
In forty minutes.

Act ii. Sc. 2.

I know a bank whereon the wild thyme blows,
Where ox-lips and the nodding violet grows.

Act iii. Sc. 2.

So we grew together,
Like to a double cherry, seeming parted.

Act v. Sc. 1.

The poet’s eye, in a fine frenzy rolling,
Doth glance from heaven to earth, from earth to heaven,
And as imagination bodies forth
The forms of things unknown, the poet’s pen
Turns them to shape, and gives to airy nothing
A local habitation and a name.

LOVE’S LABOR’S LOST.

Act ii. Sc. 1.

A merrier man,
Within the limit of becoming mirth,
I never spent an hour’s talk withal.

Act v. Sc. 1.

He draweth the thread of his verbosity finer than the staple of his
argument.

MERCHANT OF VENICE.

Act i. Sc. 1.

I hold the world but as the world, Gratiano;
A stage, where every man must play a part,
And mine a sad one.

Act i. Sc. 1.

Why should a man, whose blood is warm
within,
Sit like his grandsire cut in alabaster?

Act i. Sc. 1.

I am Sir Oracle,
And when I ope my lips, let no dog bark!

Act i, Sc. 1.

Gratiano speaks an infinite deal of nothing; more than any man in all
Venice. His reasons are as two grains of wheat hid in two bushels of
chaff: you shall seek all day ere you find them: and, when you have
them, they are not worth the search.

Act i. Sc. 3.

Even there, where merchants most do congregate.

Act i. Sc. 3.

The devil can cite Scripture for his purpose.

Act i. Sc. 3.

Sufferance is the badge of all our tribe,

Act i. Sc. 3.

Many a time, and oft,
the Rialto, have you rated me.

Act ii. Sc. 2.

It is a wise father that knows his own child.

Act ii, Sc. 6.

All things that are,
Are with more spirits chased than enjoyed.

Act ii. Sc. 7.

All that glisters is not gold.

Act iii. Sc. 1.

I am a Jew: hath not a Jew eyes? hath not
a Jew hands, organs, dimensions, senses,
affections, passions?

Act iii. Sc. 5.

Thus when I shun Scylla, your father, I fall
into Charybdis, your mother.

Act iv. Sc. 1.

What! wouldst thou have a serpent sting
thee twice?

Act iv. Sc. 1.

The quality of mercy is not strained;
It droppeth, as the gentle rain from heaven
Upon the place beneath: it is twice blessed;
It blesseth him that gives, and him that takes,

Act iv. Sc. 1.

A Daniel come to judgment.

Act iv. Sc. 1.

Is it so nominated in the bond.

* * * * *

I cannot find it; ’tis not in the bond?

Act iv. Sc. 1.

I have thee on the hip

Act iv. Sc. 1.

I thank thee, Jew, for teaching me that word

Act v. Sc. 1.

How sweet the moonlight sleeps upon this bank!

Act v. Sc. 1.

I am never merry when I hear sweet music.

Act v. Sc. 1.

The man that hath no music in himself,
Nor is not moved with concord of sweet sounds,
Is fit for treasons, stratagems, and spoils.

Act v. Sc. 1.

How far that little candle throws his beams!
So shines a good deed in a naughty world.

* * * * *

AS YOU LIKE IT.

Act i. Sc. 2.

Well said: that was laid on with a trowel.

Act i. Sc. 2.

My pride fell with my fortunes.

Act i. Sc. 3.

_Cel_. Not a word?
_Ros_. Not one to throw at a dog.

Act i. Sc. 3.

O how full of briers is this working-day world!

Act ii. Sc. 1.

Sweet are the uses of adversity,
Which, like the toad, ugly and venomous,
Wears yet a precious jewel in his head.

Act ii. Sc. 1.

And this our life, exempt from public haunts,
Finds tongues in trees, books in the running brooks,
Sermons in stones, and good in everything.

Act ii. Sc. 1.

“Poor deer,” quoth he, “thou mak’st a testament,
As wordlings do, giving thy sum of more
To that which had too much.”

Act ii. Sc. 3.

And He that doth the ravens feed,
Yea, providently caters for the sparrow,
Be comfort to my age!

Act ii. Sc. 3.

For in my youth I never did apply
Hot and rebellious liquors in my blood;

* * * * *

Therefore my age is as a lusty winter,
Frosty, but kindly.

Act ii. Sc. 7.

And railed on lady Fortune in good terms,
In good set terms….
And looking on it with lack-luster eye,
“Thus we may see,” quoth he, “how the
world wags.

* * * * *

And so from hour to hour we ripe and ripe,
And then from hour to hour we rot and rot,
And thereby hangs a tale.”

* * * * *

Motley’s the only wear.

Act ii. Sc. 7.

If ladies be but young and fair,
They have the gift to know it.

Act ii. Sc. 7.

I must have liberty
Withal, as large a charter as the wind,
To blow on whom I please.

Act ii. Sc. 7.

The why is plain as way to parish church.

Act ii. Sc. 7.

All the world’s a stage
And all the men and women merely players:
They have their exits and their entrances,
And one man in his time plays many parts

* * * * *

And then, the whining schoolboy, with his satchel,
And shining morning face, creeping like snail
Unwillingly to school. And then, the lover,
Sighing like furnace, with a woeful ballad
Made to his mistress’ eyebrow. Then, a soldier,
Full of strange oaths, and bearded like the pard,
Jealous in honor, sudden and quick in quarrel,
Seeking the bubble reputation
Even in the cannon’s mouth And then the justice,

* * * * *

Full of wise saws and modern instances,
And so he plays his part. The sixth age shifts
Into the lean and slippered pantaloon.

* * * * *

Last scene of all,
That ends this strange, eventful history,
Is second childishness, and mere oblivion.

Act ii. Sc. 7.

Blow, blow, thou winter wind,
Thou art not so unkind
As man’s ingratitude.

Act iii. Sc. 2.

Hast any philosophy in thee, shepherd?

Act iii. Sc. 8.

Truly, I would the gods had made thee poetical.

Act iv. Sc. 1.

I had rather have a fool to make me merry, than experience to make me
sad.

Act iv. Sc. 1.

Men have died from time to time, and worms have eaten them, but not for
love.

Act iv. Sc. 3.

Pacing through the forest,
Chewing the food of sweet and bitter fancy.

Act v. Sc. 2.

How bitter a thing it is to look into happiness through another man’s
eyes!

Act v. Sc. 4.

Your _If_ is the only peacemaker; much
virtue in _If_.

Epilogue.

Good wine needs no bush.

* * * * *

TAMING OF THE SHREW.

Act iv. Sc. 1,

And thereby hangs a tale.

Act v. Sc. 2.

My cake is dough.

WINTER’S TALE.

Act iv. Sc. 2.

A merry heart goes all the day,
Your sad tires in a mile-a.

Act iv. Sc. 3.

Daffodils,
That come before the swallow dares, and take
The winds of March with beauty; violets, dim,
But sweeter than the lids of Juno’s eyes,
Or Cytherea’s breath.

Act iv. Sc. 3.

When you do dance, I wish you
A wave o’ the sea, that you might ever do
Nothing but that.

* * * * *

ALL’S WELL THAT ENDS WELL.

Act i. Sc. 1.

It were all one,
That I should love a bright, particular star,
And think to wed it, he is so above me.

Act v. Sc. 3.

Praising what is lost
Makes the remembrance dear.

* * * * *

COMEDY OF ERRORS.

Act v. Sc. 1.

They brought one Pinch, a hungry, lean-faced villain,
A mere anatomy.

MACBETH.

Act i. Sc. 1.

When shall we three meet again,
In thunder, lightning, or in rain?

Act i. Sc. 1.

Fair is foul, and foul is fair.

Act i. Sc. 3.

The earth hath bubbles, as the water has,
And these are of them.

Act i. Sc. 3.

Two truths are told,
As happy prologues to the swelling act
Of the imperial theme.

Act i. Sc. 3.

Present fears
Are less than horrible imaginings.

Act i. Sc. 3.

Come what come may,
Time and the hour runs through the roughest day.

Act i. Sc. 4.

Nothing in his life
Became him like the leaving it.

Act i. Sc. 4.

There’s no art
To find the mind’s construction in the face.

Act i. Sc. 5.

Yet I do fear thy nature;
It is too full of the milk of human kindness
To catch the nearest way.

Act i. Sc. 5.

Your face, my thane, is as a book, where men
May read strange matters.

Act i. Sc. 7.

If it were done, when ’tis done, then ’twere well
It were done quickly.

Act i. Sc. 7.

That but this blow
Might be the be-all and the end-all here.

Act i. Sc. 7.

This even-handed justice
Commends the ingredients of our poisoned chalice
To our own lips.

Act i. Sc. 7.

Besides, this Duncan
Hath borne his faculties so meek, hath been
So clear in his great office, that his virtues
Will plead like angels, trumpet-tongued, against
The deep damnation of his taking off.

Act i. Sc, 7.

I have no spur
To prick the sides of my intent, but only
Vaulting ambition, which o’erleaps itself,
And falls on the other–.

Act i. Sc. 7.

I have bought
Golden opinions from all sorts of people.

Act i. Sc. 7.

Letting _I dare not_ wait upon _I would_.

Like the poor cat i’ the adage.

Act i. Sc. 7.

I dare do all that may become a man;
Who dares do more, is none.

Act i. Sc. 7.

But screw your courage to the sticking-place.

Act ii. Sc. 1.

Is this a dagger which I see before me,
The handle towards my hand?

Act ii. Sc. 1.

Thou sure and firm-set earth,
Hear not my steps, which way they walk, for fear
The very stones prate of my whereabout.

Act ii. Sc. 1.

For it is a knell
That summons thee to heaven or to hell!

Act ii. Sc. 2.

The attempt, and not the deed,
Confound us.

Act ii. Sc. 2.

Sleep, that knits up the ravell’d sleave of care.

Act ii. Sc. 2.

Infirm of purpose!

Act ii. Sc. 3.

The labor we delight in, physics pain.

Act ii. Sc. 3.

The wine of life is drawn, and the mere lees
Is left this vault to brag of.

Act ii. Sc. 4.

A falcon, towering in her pride of place,
Was by a mousing owl hawked at, and killed.

Act iii. Sc, 1.

Upon my head they placed a fruitless crown,
And put a barren scepter in my gripe,
Thence to be wrenched with an unlineal hand,
No son of mine succeeding.

Act iii. Sc. 1.

_Mur_. We are men, my liege.
_Mac_. Ay, in the catalogue ye go for men.

Act iii. Sc. 2.

We have scotched the snake, not killed it.

Act iii. Sc. 2.

Duncan is in his grave!
After life’s fitful fever he sleeps well.

Act iii. Sc. 4.

But now, I am cabined, cribbed, confined bound in
To saucy doubts and fears.

Act iii. Sc. 4.

Now good digestion wait on appetite,
And health on both!

Act iii. Sc. 4.

Thou canst not say, I did it: never shake
Thy gory locks at me.

Act iii. Sc. 4.

Thou hast no speculation in those eyes
Which thou dost glare with!

Act iii. Sc. 4.

What man dare, I dare.

Act iii. Sc. 4.

Take any shape but that, and my firm nerves
Shall never tremble.

Act iii. Sc. 4.

Stand not upon the order of your going,
But go at once.

Act iii. Sc. 4.

Can such things be,
And overcome us like a summer’s cloud,
Without our special wonder?

Act iv. Sc. 1.

Black spirits and white,
Red spirits and gray,
Mingle, mingle, mingle,
You that mingle may.[2]

[Note 2: These lines occur also in "The Witch" of Thomas
Middleton, Act 5, Sc. 2, and it is uncertain to which the
priority should be ascribed.]

Act iv. Sc. 1.

By the pricking of my thumbs,
Something wicked this way comes.

Act iv. Sc. 1.

A deed without a name.

Act iv. Sc. 1.

I’ll make assurance double sure,
And take a bond of fate.

Act iv. Sc. 1.

Show his eyes, and grieve his heart!
Come like shadows, so depart.

Act iv. Sc. 1.

What! will the line stretch out to the crack of doom?

Act iv. Sc. 1.
The flighty purpose never is o’ertook,
Unless the deed go with it.

Act iv. Sc. 3.

What, all my pretty chickens, and their dam,
At one fell swoop?

Act iv. Sc. 3.

I cannot but remember such things were,
That were most precious to me.

Act iv. Sc. 3.

O, I could play the woman with mine eyes,
And braggart with my tongue!

Act v. Sc. 3.

My way of life
Is fallen into the sear, the yellow leaf;
And that which should accompany old age,
As honor, love, obedience, troops of friends,
I must not look to have; but, in their stead,
Curses, not loud, but deep, mouth-honor, breath,
Which the poor heart would fain deny, but dare not.

Act v. Sc. 3.

Not so sick, my lord,
As she is troubled with thick-coming fancies,
That keep her from her rest.

Act v. Sc. 3.

Canst thou not minister to a mind diseased;
Pluck from the memory a rooted sorrow;
Raze out the written troubles of the brain;
And, with some sweet oblivious antidote,
Cleanse the stuffed bosom of that perilous stuff
Which weighs upon the heart?

Act v. Sc, 3.

Throw physic to the dogs: I’ll none of it.

Act v. Sc. 3.

I would applaud thee to the very echo,
That should applaud again.

Act v, Sc. 5.

Hang out our banners on the outward walls;
The cry is still, _They come_.

Act v. Sc. 5.

To-morrow, and to-morrow, and to-morrow,
Creeps in this petty pace from day to day,
To the last syllable of recorded time;
And all our yesterdays have lighted fools
The way to dusty death. Out, out, brief candle!
Life’s but a walking shadow; a poor player,
That struts and frets his hour upon the stage,
And then is heard no more; it is a tale
Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury,
Signifying nothing.

Act v. Sc. 5.

Blow, wind! come, wrack!
At least we’ll die with harness on our back.

Act. v. Sc. 7.

I bear a charmed life.

Act. v. Sc. 7.

That keep the word of promise to our ear,
And break it to our hope.

Act v. Sc. 7.

Lay on, Macduff;
And damned be him that first cries, Hold, enough!

* * * * *

KING JOHN.

Act ii. Sc. 1.

For courage mounteth with occasion.

Act iii. Sc. 1.

Thou slave, thou wretch, thou coward,
Thou little valiant, great in villany!
Thou ever strong upon the stronger side!
Thou fortune’s champion, that dost never fight
But when her humorous ladyship is by
To teach thee safety!

* * * * *

Thou wear a lion’s hide! Doff it for shame,
And hang a calf’s skin on those recreant limbs.

Act iii. Sc. 4.

Life is as tedious as a twice-told tale,
Vexing the dull ear of a drowsy man.

Act iv. Sc. 2.

To gild refined gold, to paint the lily,
To throw a perfume on the violet,
To smooth the ice, or add another hue
Unto the rainbow, or with taper-light
To seek the beauteous eye of heaven to garnish,
Is wasteful and ridiculous excess.

Act iv. Sc. 2.

Now oft the sight of means to do ill deeds
Makes deeds ill done!

* * * * *

KING RICHARD II.

Act i. Sc. 3.

Oh, who can hold a fire in his hand,
By thinking on the frosty Caucasus?
Or cloy the hungry edge of appetite,
By bare imagination of a feast?

Act i. Sc. 3.

The apprehension of the good
Gives but the greater feeling to the worse.

Act ii. Sc. 1.

The ripest fruit first falls.

FIRST PART OF KING HENRY IV.

Act i. Sc. 2.

‘Tis my vocation, Hal; ’tis no sin for a man to labor in his vocation.

Act i. Sc. 2.

He will give the devil his due.

Act i. Sc. 3.

And, as the soldiers bore dead bodies by,
He called them untaught knaves, unmannerly,
To bring a slovenly, unhandsome corse
Betwixt the wind and his nobility.

Act i. Sc. 3.

By heaven, methinks it were an easy leap,
To pluck bright honor from the pale-faced moon.

Act ii. Sc. 1.

I know a trick worth two of that.

Act ii. Sc. 4.

Call you that backing of your friends? a plague upon such backing!

Act ii. Sc. 4.

A plague of sighing and grief! it blows a man up like a bladder.

Act ii. Sc. 4.

Give you a reason on compulsion! if reasons were as plenty as
blackberries, I would give no man a reason upon compulsion.

Act ii. Sc. 4.

I was a coward on instinct.

Act ii. Sc. 4.

No more of that, Hal, an thou lovest me.

Act iii. Sc. 1.

_Glen_. I can call spirits from the vasty deep.
_Hot_. Why, so can I, or so can any man: But will they come when you do
call for them?

Act iii. Sc. 1.

Tell truth and shame the devil.

Act iii. Sc. 1.

I had rather be a kitten, and cry mew,
Than one of these same meter ballad-mongers.

Act iii. Sc. 3.

Shall I not take mine ease in mine inn?

Act v. Sc. 4.

I could have better spared a better man.

Act v. Sc. 4.

The better part of valor is–discretion.

Act v. Sc. 4.

Lord, Lord, how this world is given to lying! I grant you, I was down,
and out of breath; and so was he: but we rose both at an instant, and
fought a long hour by Shrewsbury clock.

SECOND PART OF KING HENRY IV.

Act i. Sc. 1.

Even such a man, so faint, so spiritless.
So dull, so dead in look, so woebegone,
Drew Priam’s curtain in the dead of night,
And would have told him, half his Troy was burned.

Act i. Sc. 1.

Yet the first bringer of unwelcome news
Hath but a losing office; and his tongue
Sounds ever after as a sullen bell,
Remembered knolling a departed friend.

Act i. Sc. 2.

I am not only witty in myself, but the cause that wit is in other men.

Act ii. Sc. 2.

He hath eaten me out of house and home.

Act ii. Sc. 3.

He was, indeed, the glass
Wherein the noble youth did dress themselves.

Act iii. Sc. 1.

Sleep, gentle sleep,
Nature’s soft nurse, how have I frighted thee,
That thou no more wilt weigh my eyelids down,
And steep my senses in forgetfulness?

BY

W. A. CLOUSTON

_Author of “Popular Tales and Fictions,” “Literary
Coincidences, and other Papers,” “Flowers
from a Persian Garden,” etc._

“Concise sentences, like darts, fly abroad and make
impressions, while long discourses are tedious and not
regarded.”–BACON.

“Many are the sayings of the wise,
In ancient and in modern books enrolled.”–MILTON.

LONDON
PUBLISHED BY HUTCHINSON & CO.

AT 34 PATERNOSTER ROW
1893

PRINTED AT NIMEGUEN (HOLLAND)
BY H. C. A. THIEME OF NIMEGUEN (HOLLAND)

AND

TALBOT HOUSE, ARUNDEL STREET
LONDON, W.C.

TO

FRANCIS THORNTON BARRETT,

CHIEF LIBRARIAN,
MITCHELL LIBRARY, GLASGOW,

THIS LITTLE BOOK,

WITH FRIENDLY GREETINGS,

IS INSCRIBED.

PREFACE.

Cynics may ask, how many have profited by the innumerable proverbs
and maxims of prudence which have been current in the world time out
of mind? They will say that their only use is to repeat them after
some unhappy wight has “gone wrong.” When, for instance, a man has
played “ducks and drakes” with his money, the fact at once calls up
the proverb which declares that “wilful waste leads to woful want”;
but did not the “waster” know this well-worn saying from his early
years _downwards_? What good, then, did it do him? Again, how many
have been benefited by the saying of the ancient Greek poet, that
“evil communications corrupt good manners”?–albeit they had it
frequently before them in their school “copy-books.” Are the maxims
of morality useless, then, because they are so much disregarded?

When a man has reached middle-age he generally feels with tenfold
force the truth of those “sayings of the wise” which he learned in
his early years, and has cause to regret, as well as wonder, that he
had not all along followed their wholesome teaching. For it is to
the young, who are about to cross the threshold of active life, that
such terse convincing sentences are more especially addressed, and,
spite of the proverbial heedlessness of youth, there will be found
many who are not deaf to this kind of instruction, if their moral
environment be favourable. But, even after the spring-time of youth
is past, there are occasions when the mind is peculiarly susceptible
to the force of a pithy maxim, which may tend to the reforming of
one’s way of life. There is commonly more practical wisdom in a
striking aphorism than in a round dozen of “goody” books–that is to
say, books which are not good in the highest sense, because their
themes are overlaid with commonplace and wearisome reflections.

May we not find the “whole duty of man” condensed into a few brief
sentences, which have been expressed by thoughtful men in all ages
and in countries far apart?–such as: “Love thy neighbour as
thyself,” “Do unto others as ye would that they should do unto you.”
The chief themes of all teachers of morality are: benevolence and
beneficence; tolerance of the opinions of others; self-control; the
acquisition of knowledge–that jewel beyond price; the true uses of
wealth; the advantages of resolute, manly exertion; the dignity of
labour; the futility of worldly pleasures; the fugacity of time;
man’s individual insignificance. They are never weary of inculcating
taciturnity in preference to loquacity, and the virtues of patience
and resignation. They iterate and reiterate the fact that true
happiness is to be found only in contentment; and they administer
consolation and infuse hope by reminding us that as dark days are
followed by bright days, so times of bitter adversity are followed
by seasons of sweet prosperity; and thus, like the immortal Sir
Hudibras, when “in doleful dumps”, we may “cheer ourselves with ends
of verse, and sayings of philosophers.”

In the following small selection of aphorisms, a considerable
proportion are drawn from Eastern literature. Indian wisdom is
represented by passages from the great epics, the _Mahabharata_ and
the _Ramayana_; the _Panchatantra_ and the _Hitopadesa_, two
Sanskrit versions of the famous collection of apologues known in
Europe as the Fables of Bidpai, or Pilpay; the _Dharma-sastra_ of
Manu; Bharavi, Magha, Bhartrihari, and other Hindu poets. Specimens
of the mild teachings of Buddha and his more notable followers are
taken from the _Dhammapada_ (Path of Virtue) and other canonical
works; pregnant sayings of the Jewish Fathers, from the Talmud;
Moslem moral philosophy is represented by extracts from Arabic and
Persian writers (among the great poets of Persia are, Firdausi,
Sa’di, Hafiz, Nizami, Omar Khayyam, Jami); while the proverbial
wisdom of the Chinese and the didactic writings of the sages of
Burmah are also occasionally cited.

The ordinary reader will probably be somewhat surprised to discover
in the aphorisms of the ancient Greeks and Hindus several close
parallels to the doctrines of the Old and New Testaments, and he
will have reasoned justly if he conclude that the so-called
“heathens” could have derived their spiritual light only from the
same Source as that which inspired the Hebrew prophets and the
Christian apostles.

Among English writers of aphorisms Francis Bacon, Lord Verulam, is
pre-eminent, but none of his pithy sentences find place here,
because they are procurable in many inexpensive forms, (_e.g._,
_Counsels from my Lord Bacon_, 1892), and must be familiar to what is
termed “the average general reader.” _The Enchiridion_ of Frances
Quarles and the _Resolves_ of Owen Feltham are, however, laid under
contribution, as also Robert Chamberlain, an author who is probably
unknown to many pluming themselves on their thorough acquaintance
with English literature, some of whose aphorisms (published in 1638,
under the title of _Nocturnal Lucubrations_) I have deemed worthy of
reproduction.

In more modern times, with the sole exception of William Hazlitt,
our country has produced no very successful writer of aphorisms.
Colton’s _Lacon; or, Many Things in Few Words, Addressed to Those
who Think_, went through several editions soon after its first
publication in 1820; it is described by Mr. John Morley–and not
unfairly–as being “so vapid, so wordy, so futile as to have a place
among those books which dispense with parody”; it is “an awful
example to anyone who is tempted to try his hand at an aphorism.”
Mr. Morley is hardly less severe in speaking of the “Thoughts” in
_Theophrastus Such_: “the most insufferable of all deadly-lively
prosing in our sublunary world.” However this may be, assuredly
other works of the author of _Adam Bede_ will be found to furnish
many examples of admirable apothegms.

It only remains to add that, bearing in mind that a great collection
of gravities commonly proves quite as wearisome reading as a large
compilation of gaieties, or facetiae, I have confined my selection of
“sayings of the wise” within the limits of a pocket-volume.

W. A. C.

BOOK OF WISE SAYINGS.

1.

The enemies which rise within the body, hard to be overcome–thy
evil passions–should manfully be fought: he who conquers these is
equal to the conquerors of worlds.

_Bharavi._

2.

If passion gaineth the mastery over reason, the wise will not count
thee amongst men.

_Firdausi._

3.

Knowledge is destroyed by associating with the base; with equals
equality is gained, and with the distinguished, distinction.

_Hitopadesa._

4.

Dost thou desire that thine own heart should not suffer, redeem thou
the sufferer from the bonds of misery.

_Sa’di._

5.

To friends and eke to foes true kindness show;
No kindly heart unkindly deeds will do;
Harshness will alienate a bosom friend.
And kindness reconcile a deadly foe.

_Omar Khayyam._

6.

There is no greater grief in misery than to turn our thoughts back
to happier times.[1]

_Dante._

[1] Cf. Goldsmith:

O Memory! thou fond deceiver,
Still importunate and vain;
To former joys recurring ever,
And turning all the past to pain.

7.

We in reality only know when we doubt a little. With knowledge comes
doubt.

_Goethe._

8.

In the hour of adversity be not without hope, for crystal rain falls
from black clouds.

_Nizami._

9.

One common origin unites us all, but every sort of wood does not
give the perfume of the lignum aloes.

_Arabic._

10.

I asked an experienced elder who had profited by his knowledge of
the world, “What course should I pursue to obtain prosperity?” He
replied, “Contentment–if you are able, practise contentment.”

_Selman._

11.

Every moment that a man may be in want of employment, than such I
hold him to be far better who is forced to labour for nothing.

_Afghan._

12.

The foolish undertake a trifling act, and soon desist, discouraged;
wise men engage in mighty works, and persevere.

_Magha._

13.

Those who wish well towards their friends disdain to please them
with words which are not true.

_Bharavi._

14.

Reason is captive in the hands of the passions, as a weak man in the
hands of an artful woman.

_Sa’di._

15.

Like an earthen pot, a bad man is easily broken, and cannot readily
be restored to his former situation; but a virtuous man, like a vase
of gold, is broken with difficulty, and easily repaired.

_Hitopadesa._

16.

The son who delights his father by his good actions; the wife who
seeks only her husband’s good; the friend who is the same in
prosperity and adversity–these three things are the reward of
virtue.

_Bhartrihari._

17.

Let us not overstrain our abilities, or we shall do nothing with
grace. A clown, whatever he may do, will never pass for a gentleman.

_La Fontaine._

18.

To abstain from speaking is regarded as very difficult. It is not
possible to say much that is valuable and striking.[2]

_Mahabharata._

[2] Cf. James, III, 8.

19.

Pagodas are, like mosques, true houses of prayer;
‘Tis prayer that church bells waft upon the air;
Kaaba and temple, rosary and cross,
All are but divers tongues of world-wide prayer.

_Omar Khayyam._

20.

In no wise ask about the faults of others, for he who reporteth the
faults of others will report thine also.

_Firdausi._

21.

He that holds fast the golden mean,
And lives contentedly between
The little and the great,
Feels not the wants that pinch the poor,
Nor plagues that haunt the rich man’s door,
Embittering all his state.

_Horace._

22.

Nothing is more becoming a man than silence. It is not the preaching
but the practice which ought to be considered as the more important.
A profusion of words is sure to lead to error.

_Talmud._

23.

Consider, and you will find that almost all the transactions of the
time of Vespasian differed little from those of the present day. You
there find marrying and giving in marriage, educating children,
sickness, death, war, joyous holidays, traffic, agriculture,
flatterers, insolent pride, suspicions, laying of plots, longing for
the death of others, newsmongers, lovers, misers, men canvassing for
consulship–yet all these passed away, and are nowhere.

_M. Aurelius._

24.

The friendship of the bad is like the shade of some precipitous bank
with crumbling sides, which, falling, buries him who is beneath.

_Bharavi._

25.

His action no applause invites
Who simply good with good repays;
He only justly merits praise
Who wrongful deeds with kind requites.[3]

_Panchatantra._

[3] Matt. V, 43, 44.

26.

Death comes, and makes a man his prey,
A man whose powers are yet unspent;
Like one on gathering flowers intent,
Whose thoughts are turned another way.

Begin betimes to practise good,
Lest fate surprise thee unawares
Amid thy round of schemes and cares;
To-morrow’s task to-day conclude.[4]

_Mahabharata._

[4] Eccles. IX, 10; XII, 1.

27.

Let a man’s talents or virtues be what they may, we feel
satisfaction in his society only as he is satisfied in himself. We
cannot enjoy the good qualities of a friend if he seems to be none
the better for them.

_Hazlitt._

28.

It was a false maxim of Domitian that he who would gain the people
of Rome must promise all things and perform nothing. For when a man
is known to be false in his word, instead of a column, which he
might be by keeping it, for others to rest upon, he becomes a reed,
which no man will vouchsafe to lean upon. Like a floating island,
when we come next day to seek it, it is carried from the place we
left it in, and, instead of earth to build upon, we find nothing but
inconstant and deceiving waves.

_Feltham._

29.

He is not dead who departs this life with high fame; dead is he,
though living, whose brow is branded with infamy.

_Tieck._

30.

In the height of thy prosperity expect adversity, but fear it not.
If it come not, thou art the more sweetly possessed of the happiness
thou hast, and the more strongly confirmed. If it come, thou art the
more gently dispossessed of the happiness thou hadst, and the more
firmly prepared.

_Quarles._

31.

A prudent man will not discover his poverty, his self-torments, the
disorders of his house, his uneasiness, or his disgrace.

_Hitopadesa._

32.

Men are of three different capacities: one understands intuitively;
another understands so far as it is explained; and a third
understands neither of himself nor by explanation. The first is
excellent, the second, commendable, and the third, altogether
useless.

_Machiavelli._

33.

It is difficult to understand men, but still harder to know them
thoroughly.

_Schiller._

34.

Worldly fame and pleasure are destructive to the virtue of the mind;
anxious thoughts and apprehensions are injurious to the health of
the body.

_Chinese._

35.

Alas, for him who is gone and hath done no good work! The trumpet of
march has sounded, and his load was not bound on.

_Persian._

36.

Human experience, like the stern-lights of a ship at sea, illumines
only the path which we have passed over.

_Coleridge._

37.

Man is an actor who plays various parts:
First comes a boy, then out a lover starts;
His garb is changed for, lo! a beggar’s rags;
Then he’s a merchant with full money-bags;
Anon, an aged sire, wrinkled and lean;
At last Death drops the curtain on the scene.[5]

_Bhartrihari._

[5] Cf. Shakspeare:

“All the world’s a stage,” etc.–_As You Like It_,
Act II, _sc._ 7.

38.

Through avarice a man loses his understanding, and by his thirst for
wealth he gives pain to the inhabitants of both worlds.

_Hitopadesa._

39.

Men soon the faults of others learn,
A few their virtues, too, find out;
But is there one–I have a doubt–
Who can his own defects discern?

_Sanskrit._

40.

In learning, age and youth go for nothing; the best informed take
the precedence.

_Chinese._

41.

Mention not a blemish which is thy own in detraction of a neighbour.

_Talmud._

42.

Affairs succeed by patience, and he that is hasty falleth headlong.

_Sa’di._

43.

A man who has learnt little grows old like an ox: his flesh grows,
but his knowledge does not grow.

_Dhammapada._

44.

Unsullied poverty is always happy, while impure wealth brings with
it many sorrows.

_Chinese._

45.

Both white and black acknowledge women’s sway,
So much the better and the wiser too,
Deeming it most convenient to obey,
Or possibly they might their folly rue.[6]

_Persian._

[6] Cf. Pope:

Would men but follow what the sex advise,
All things would prosper, all the world grow wise.

46.

We are never so much disposed to quarrel with others as when we are
dissatisfied with ourselves.

_Hazlitt._

47.

No one is more profoundly sad than he who laughs too much.

_Richter._

48.

The heaven that rolls around cries aloud to you while it displays
its eternal beauties, and yet your eyes are fixed upon the earth
alone.

_Dante._

49.

This world is a beautiful book, but of little use to him who cannot
read it.

_Goldoni._

50.

Sorrows are like thunder-clouds: in the distance they look black,
over our heads, hardly gray.

_Richter._

51.

The gem cannot be polished without friction, nor man perfected
without trials.

_Chinese._

52.

Health is the greatest gift, contentedness the best riches.

_Dhammapada._

53.

Great and unexpected successes are often the cause of foolish
rushing into acts of extravagance.

_Demosthenes._

54.

Let none with scorn a suppliant meet,
Or from the door untended spurn
A dog; an outcast kindly treat;
And so thou shalt be blest in turn.

_Mahabharata._

55.

Choose knowledge, if thou desirest a blessing from the Universal
Provider; for the ignorant man cannot raise himself above the earth,
and it is by knowledge that thou must render thy soul praiseworthy.

_Firdausi._

56.

Good fortune is a benefit to the wise, but a curse to the foolish.

_Chinese._

57.

In this thing one man is superior to another, that he is better able
to bear adversity and prosperity.

_Philemon._

58.

The rays of happiness, like those of light, are colourless when
unbroken.

_Longfellow._

59.

There are three things which, in great quantity, are bad, and, in
little, very good: leaven, salt, and liberality.

_Talmud._

60.

Who aims at excellence will be above mediocrity; who aims at
mediocrity will be far short of it.

_Burmese._

61.

Keep thy heart afar from sorrow, and be not anxious about the
trouble which is not yet come.

_Firdausi._

62.

If thy garments be clean and thy heart be foul, thou needest no key
to the door of hell.

_Sa’di._

63.

We ought never to mock the wretched, for who can be sure of being
always happy?

_La Fontaine._

64.

To those who err in judgment, not in will, anger is gentle.

_Sophocles._

65.

Not only is the old man twice a child, but also the man who is
drunk.

_Plato._

66.

Wrapt up in error is the human mind,
And human bliss is ever insecure;
Know we what fortune yet remains behind?
Know we how long the present shall endure?

_Pindar._

67.

A wise man adapts himself to circumstances, as water shapes itself
to the vessel that contains it.

_Chinese._

68.

He who formerly was reckless and afterwards became sober brightens
up this world like the moon when freed from clouds.

_Dhammapada._

69.

When a base fellow cannot vie with another in merit he will attack
him with malicious slander.

_Sa’di._

70.

If a man be not so happy as he desires, let this be his comfort–he
is not so wretched as he deserves.

_R. Chamberlain._

71.

In conversation humour is more than wit, easiness, more than
knowledge; few desire to learn, or to think they need it; all desire
to be pleased, or, if not, to be easy.

_Sir W. Temple._

72.

The greatest men sometimes overshoot themselves, but then their very
mistakes are so many lessons of instruction.

_Tom Browne._

73.

We may be as good as we please, if we please to be good.

_Barrow._

74.

The round of a passionate man’s life is in contracting debts in his
passion which his virtue obliges him to pay. He spends his time in
outrage and acknowledgment, injury and reparation.

_Johnson._

75.

To reprehend well is the most necessary and the hardest part of
friendship. Who is it that does not sometimes merit a check, and yet
how few will endure one? Yet wherein can a friend more unfold his
love than in preventing dangers before their birth, or in bringing a
man to safety who is travelling on the road to ruin? I grant there
is a manner of reprehending which turns a benefit into an injury,
and then it both strengthens error and wounds the giver. When thou
chidest thy wandering friend do it secretly, in season, in love, not
in the ear of a popular convention, for oftentimes the presence of a
multitude makes a man take up an unjust defence, rather than fall
into a just shame.

_Feltham._

76.

I put no account on him who esteems himself just as the popular
breath may chance to raise him.

_Goethe._

77.